Ukuphakama kwamandla amakhulu omhlaba kuqala ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi bese kudlula olwandle. Njengophawu olubalulekile lwezinga lezimboni zezwe,imboni yokwakha imikhumbi, "njengomqhele wezimboni eziphelele", unezinga eliphezulu lokukhula kwezimboni kanye nomdlandla oqinile wezimboni. Kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka, ukushoda kwamandla okuthumela emhlabeni wonke kuholele ekukhuphukeni kwamanani okuthumela, kanye nokukhula kwesidingo sokuthumela kuholele ekwandeni kwama-oda emikhumbi emisha yamazwe ngamazwe, okuzala "isimo esichumayo esingakaze sibonwe eminyakeni eyishumi" embonini yokwakha imikhumbi yomhlaba wonke. Kuhle.
Nakuba isimo sihle, imboni yokwakha imikhumbi isadinga ukubhekana nezinkinga eziningi zokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu yokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-International Maritime Organisation (IMO) iye yasheshisa kancane kancane umthetho wayo wokuvikelwa kwemvelo, futhi izinkomba ezifanele zokusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokuqina kwekhabhoni zimise ngokucacile isikhathi sokuqala ukusebenza.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umgomo "wokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni" nawo uphakanyiswe ekuthuthukisweni okuluhlaza kwemboni yokwakha imikhumbi. Ngezidingo ezintsha, "ukususa i-carbonization" kubalulekile, futhi ukusetshenziswa okujulile kwamandla amasha, izinto ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe obuningi obuluhlaza nobuhlakaniphile sekuyindlela eyinhloko yomkhakha wokwakha imikhumbi nokulungisa kanye nokuthumela imikhumbi esikhathini esizayo.
Ngokwesiko, ukususwa kwemikhumbi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokugcinwa nokulungiswa kwemikhumbi. Esikhathini esidlule, kwakwenziwa kakhulu ngesando sefosholo noma ukuqhuma komoya. Kodwa-ke, manje emabhizinisini amakhulu okwakha imikhumbi, ukuhlanza nge-laser okuningi kusetshenziswa ukwenza ukuhlanza imikhumbi. Ukuhlanza, kungani kukhona ushintsho olunjalo? Noma yiziphi izinzuzo zalokhuimishini yokuhlanza nge-laseruma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuhlanza zendabuko?
Inqubo yokuhlanza yendabuko ekwakheni nasekulungiseni imikhumbi
Ekwakhiweni nasekulungisweni kwemikhumbi, kunenqwaba yezixhumanisi zokuhlanza, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa nokwelashwa kwangaphambili kwepuleti lensimbi (ngaphambi kokushisela kanye nangemva kokushisela) kanye nokwelashwa kwemikhumbi emisha ngokwezigaba (ngaphambi kokupendwa), kanye nokususwa kokugqwala kanye nokususwa okuphelele ekulungisweni nasekugcinweni kwemikhumbi emidala. Upende kanye nokugcinwa kwepende okwesibili.
Izinqubo zokuhlanza zendabuko kanye nokususa upende zifaka phakathi ukugaya ngesandla, ukuqhumisa isihlabathi, ukuqhumisa ngokudubula, ukuwasha ngamanzi ngomfutho ophezulu kanye nokuhlanza ngamakhemikhali. Lezi zinqubo zokuhlanza zendabuko zingahlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlanza igobolondo ngokusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yokususa ukugqwala, kodwa azinakwa. Yebo, ngokuvamile zidinga umsebenzi omningi, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi amaningi kanye nogesi, ikakhulukazi ukuqhumisa isihlabathi kukhiqiza intuthu enkulu nothuli, okubangela ukungcola okukhulu emvelweni, kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi amdaka ngemva kokuwasha ngamanzi ngomfutho ophezulu, futhi eminye imisebenzi enezidingo zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu ayikwazi ukuqedwa njll.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laserinezinzuzo eziningi ezifana nokuthiakukho monakalo ku-substrate, ukulawula okunembile ezingeni le-micron, ukonga amandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ngakho-ke sekuyindawo yokucwaninga ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi.
1. Ukususwa kokugqwala ngesandla
Amathuluzi okususa ukugqwala ngesandla afaka izando, amafosholo, imimese yensimbi, amabhulashi ensimbi, njll. Ngokuvamile, amabala amakhulu okugqwala ayadedelwa ngesando bese esuswa ngefosholo. Ukuqina komsebenzi okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kokususa ukugqwala okuphansi.
2. Ukususwa kokugqwala ngomshini
(1) Ukususwa kokugqwala okuncane okwenziwa ngomoya noma ngogesi; (2) Ukususwa kokugqwala kokuphuma kwesibhamu (isihlabathi);
(3) Ukuhlanzwa ngamanzi anomfutho ophezulu; (4) Ukuhlanzwa ngamanzi anomfutho ophezulu;
3. Ukususwa kokugqwala ngamakhemikhali
Ngokuyinhloko kuyindlela yokususa ukugqwala esebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwama-acid nama-metal oxides ukususa ukugqwala ebusweni bensimbi, okungukuthi, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukususwa kwe-pickling kanye nokugqwala, okungasetshenziswa kuphela eshabhu. Ukususwa kokugqwala kwamakhemikhali kunengozi enkulu, ukungcola okukhulu kwemvelo, futhi kunqunyelwe ukusetshenziswa.
4. Ukususwa kokugqwala nge-laser
Ukususwa kokugqwala nge-laser kuyindlela entsha yobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza, obunobungani nemvelo, obusebenza kahle futhi obuphephile, obuzothatha indawo yezinqubo ezingenhla maduze futhi busetshenziswe kabanzi. Ikakhulukazi ekususeni upende, ukususa uwoyela, ukuhlanza imiphetho kanye nokususa ukugqwala, kanye nokususa ungqimba lwe-oxide, ukuhlanza nge-laser kuzodlala indima engenakuphikwa.
Ngokusekelwe eqinisweni elingenhla, ngaphansi kwezidingo zezindinganiso ezintsha ze-EIA, amabhizinisi embonini yokwakha imikhumbi kumele afune ngenkuthalo izinqubo ezintsha, ezisebenzayo nezihlanzekile zokuhlanza kanye nezindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga zemboni.
Ukuhlanza nge-laser kwenza ukuhlanza imikhumbi kube inketho ebalulekile
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngaphansi kokukhuthazwa kokusebenza kahle kakhulu, ukonga amandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo ukuze kuthuthukiswe intuthuko yale mboni, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser buye bavela kancane kancane ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu njengezimoto ezintsha zamandla, izindiza, kanye ne-elekthronikhi enembile, futhi bubonise amandla okusebenzisa amaningi embonini yokwakha imikhumbi.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza nge-laser bunezinzuzo eziningi njengokungawonakalisi i-substrate, ukulawula okunembile ezingeni le-micron, ukonga amandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, njll., futhi bungahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zokususwa kokugqwala kwawo wonke amaphrofayili ensimbi kanye nokwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphambi nangemva kokushisela.
Ngokuphathelene nokugcinwa kwemikhumbi, ukuhlanzwa nge-laser, njengobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza "obunembile kakhulu", kufanelekile ekususweni kokugqwala nopende ezindaweni zamakhabhini, amathangi e-ballast, amathangi kaphethiloli, njll., kanye nokuhlanzwa kwama-carbon deposits njengama-valve esilinda senjini yedizili yasolwandle. Akulimazi i-substrate, futhi kungabhekana nezikhala ezincane ngaphandle kwezithiyo zokususa ngokunembile isikali, ikhwalithi yokuhlanza ephezulu, ukonga amandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Uma ufuna ukufunda kabanzi ngokuhlanzwa nge-laser, noma ufuna ukuthenga umshini wokuhlanza nge-laser ongcono kakhulu kuwe, sicela ushiye umlayezo kuwebhusayithi yethu bese usithumelela i-imeyili ngqo!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-12-2022
