Gusudira hakoreshejwe laserni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi mu ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ibikoresho bya laser. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusudira ibikoresho bifite inkuta nto no gusudira vuba. Uburyo bwo gusudira bukoreshwa mu bwoko bw'ubushyuhe, ni ukuvuga ko imirasire ya laser ishyushya ubuso bw'igikoresho, kandi ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bukwirakwira imbere binyuze mu gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Mu kugenzura ibipimo nk'ubugari, ingufu, imbaraga zo hejuru n'inshuro zo gusubiramo kwa laser, icyo gikoresho kirashonga kikarema ikidendezi cyihariye gishongeshejwe. Gikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora imashini, mu by'indege, mu nganda z'imodoka, mu byuma by'ifu, mu nganda zikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bya biomedical n'ahandi.
Bitewe n’izamuka rikomeye ry’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, kwaguka k’umusaruro w’amabateri y’amashanyarazi byatumye uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser butera imbere. Kuva mu gice cya kabiri cya 2018, gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ikoreshwa mu ntoki byagiye bikundwa buhoro buhoro, kandi byabaye ahantu heza ku isoko ryo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser mu gice cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka. Bitewe n’urwego rw’ubuhanga n’uburyo bwo gukoresha batiri z’amashanyarazi muri iki gihe.gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ikoreshwa mu ntoki, birashoboka cyane ko izasimbura isoko rya gakondo rya TIG sudira (argon arc welding).
Mu myaka ya vuba aha,laser za fibreBateye intambwe ikomeye, kandi ibyiza byabo ahanini birimo: igipimo cyo hejuru cyo guhindura amashanyarazi, gusohora ubushyuhe vuba, koroherana neza, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya ingaruka, igiciro gito, kuramba igihe kirekire, kudahindura ibintu, kudafata neza, kudahindagurika cyane, kuba muto, ingano nto, Ibikoresho byo gusudira bya laser bikoreshwa n'intoki hakoreshejwe fiber laser nabyo byagiye bitera imbere buhoro buhoro.
Gusudira hakoreshejwe laserbisaba ubuhanga buhanitse bwo guteranya ibikoresho, kandi umugozi wo gusudira ukunze kugira inenge. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, umuhanga mu by'ubwubatsi yerekeza ku bikoresho byo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser byo mu bwoko bwihariye kugira ngo akore igikoresho cyo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser gifite aho kizunguruka. Laser ifite ishusho ya "8" cyangwa "0" ishobora kugabanya uburyo bwo guteranya ibikoresho no kongera uburyo bwo gusudira. Nyuma yo kunoza no kunoza ibikorwa, ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bifite imbaraga za 0.5-1.5KW, kandi ingano n'uburemere bw'ibikoresho bingana n'imashini zo gusudira za argon arc, zishobora gusudira ibyuma bya mm 3 cyangwa munsi yabyo. Kugira ngo bakemure ibibazo by'imbaraga zidahagije zo gusudira ibikoresho byo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, mu myaka ya vuba aha, abakora ibikoresho bashyize hamwe ibikoresho byo gusana insinga byikora bishingiye kuri laser, kandi bateje imbere ibikoresho byo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bishobora kohereza insinga mu buryo bwikora, ibyo bikaba bihura n'ibikenewe ku byuma bito biri munsi ya metero 4. Ubusudi bushobora gusimbura no kurenza ubusudi bwa argon arc, gukora umuvuduko mwinshi, ubushyuhe buke, guhindura ibintu mu buryo buke, gusudira ku buryo buhendutse kurengera ibidukikije, kandi ikiguzi cyo gukora kiri hasi ugereranyije n’icyo gusudira argon arc muri ubwo buryo.
Mu gihe cyo gukora, umutwe w'imashini isuka ufata mu ntoki ufite ubugari bwo gupima, kandi umurambararo wayo ni muto, bityo iyo isuka, isuka kuva ku ngingo imwe ijya ku yindi umurongo ku wundi, bityo igakora agasaro ko gusudira. Ugereranyije n'imashini isanzwe isuka mu buryo bukonje, umuvuduko wo gusudira wa laser isuka mu ntoki uzihuta, kandi inzira yo gusudira ikoresheje ishoti rimwe igaragaza ko ikwiriye cyane gusudira mu buryo bwinshi bw'imigozi miremire igororotse.
Kandi imashini ikoresha laser ifata intoki ifata umwanya muto, kandi akenshi iba ifite imitwe itandukanye ifata intoki. Dukurikije ibyo ibice by'icyuma bikenewe nko gusudira hanze, gusudira imbere, gusudira iburyo, gusudira impande nto, no gusudira ahantu hanini, imitwe itandukanye ikoresha laser ifata intoki irashobora gutoranywa. Ibikoresho bishobora gusudira biratandukanye, kandi imiterere y'ibicuruzwa irarushaho koroha. Ku mahugurwa akorerwa mu gutunganya ibintu bito n'ibitari binini, imashini zikoresha laser zifata intoki ni zo mahitamo meza.
Ibikoresho by'icyuma bitandukanye bifite aho bishongesha bitandukanye: imiterere y'ibipimo byo gusudira ku bwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho byo gusudira iragoye cyane, kandi imiterere y'ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho byo gusudira izagaragaza itandukaniro ritandukanye bitewe n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe; igipimo cyo kwinjiza ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho bya laser nacyo kizatandukana bitewe n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe zigaragaza itandukaniro ritandukanye; gushonga kw'ingingo ya solder hamwe n'impinduka z'imiterere y'agace kagizweho ingaruka n'ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gukomera kw'icyuma cyo gusudira; inenge z'ingingo z'imashini yo gusudira ya laser ifatwa n'intoki, imbaraga zo gusunikira no guhindura ubushyuhe, nibindi. Ariko icy'ingenzi ni ingaruka z'itandukaniro mu miterere y'ibikoresho byo gusudira ku miterere migari n'imito y'icyuma cyo gusudira.
Ni ibihe bikoresho bishoboraimashini yo gusudira ikoresha laser ikoreshwa n'intokigusudira?
1. Icyuma kidasesagura
Ibyuma bitanduye bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi bikunze gushyuha cyane mu gihe cyo gusudira. Iyo agace kagizweho ingaruka n'ubushyuhe ari kanini gato, bizatera ibibazo bikomeye byo guhinduka. Ariko, ubushyuhe buturuka ku mashini isudira ikoresha laser mu ntoki mu gihe cyose cyo gusudira buba buke. Hamwe n'ubushyuhe buke, imbaraga nyinshi zifata hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gushonga kw'ibyuma bitanduye, gusudira neza, byoroshye kandi byiza bishobora kuboneka nyuma yo gusudira.
2. Icyuma cya karuboni
Ibyuma bisanzwe bya karuboni bishobora gusudiranwa hakoreshejwe laser ifata intoki, ingaruka zigereranywa no gusudira ibyuma bitarangwa n'ubushyuhe, kandi agace gaterwa n'ubushyuhe ni gato, ariko iyo gusudira ibyuma biri hagati na hejuru, ubushyuhe busigaye buba buri hejuru, bityo bikaba ngombwa gusudira mbere yo gusudira. Gushyushya no kubungabunga ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira kugira ngo bigabanye stress no kwirinda icyuho. Aha twavuga ku mashini isudira ikonje. Ibyuma biri hagati na hejuru bya karuboni bishobora gusudiranwa cyangwa gusanwa ku muvuduko muto hakoreshejwe laser ifata intoki n'insinga zikora ibyuma. Mu bijyanye no kugenzura ubushyuhe, kugenzura ubushyuhe, no kugenzura ubushyuhe, imashini isudira ikonje ishobora kwigisha gusudira laser ifata intoki gukora neza ku bisigazwa by'ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira.
3. Icyuma cy'icyuma
Ikwiriye gusudira ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibyuma, kandi ingaruka zo gusudira ni nziza cyane.
4. Aluminiyumu n'aluminiyumu alloy
Aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu ni ibikoresho bitanga urumuri rwinshi, kandi imyenge ishobora kugaragara mu kidendezi cyashongeshejwe cyangwa ku mizi mu gihe cyo gusudira. Ugereranyije n'ibikoresho by'icyuma byabanje, aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu bifite ibisabwa byinshi ku bipimo, ariko igihe cyose ibipimo byo gusudira byatoranijwe bikwiye, umushongi wo gusudira ufite imiterere imwe n'icyuma cy'ibanze ushobora kuboneka.
5. Umuringa n'umuringa byakozwe mu cyuma
Ubushyuhe bw'umuringa burushaho gukomera, kandi biroroshye gutuma umuringa winjira mu buryo butuzuye ndetse ugahuza igice cy'umubyimba mu gihe cyo gusudira. Ubusanzwe, ibikoresho by'umuringa bishyushya mu gihe cyo gusudira kugira ngo bifashe gusudira. Aha turavuga ku bikoresho by'umuringa bito. Agakoresho ko gusudira gafata intoki ka laser, bitewe n'ingufu zako n'umuvuduko wo gusudira vuba, ntigahungabanywa cyane n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'umuringa.
6. Gusudira hagati y'ibikoresho bitandukanye
Imashini ikoresha laser ishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bukoresha intoki hagati y’ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibyuma bisa, nka umuringa-nickel, nickel-titanium, umuringa-titanium, titanium-molybdenum, umuringa-umuringa, icyuma-umuringa gito cya karuboni n’ibindi byuma bitandukanye. Gusudira laser bishobora gukorwa mu bihe ibyo ari byo byose (gaze cyangwa ubushyuhe).
Imashini ikoresha intoki mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ubu ni ikintu gikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zisudira, ahanini kubera ko nubwo ibi bikoresho bisa n'aho bihenze cyane, bishobora kuzigama ikiguzi cy'abakozi neza cyane. Ikiguzi cy'abakozi basudira kirahenze cyane. Gukoresha ibi bikemura ikibazo cyo gushaka abasudira bihenze kandi bigoranye. Byongeye kandi, imashini ikoresha laser mu ntoki yashimiwe cyane n'abakiriya ibihumbi kubera ko imara igihe kirekire kandi ikoresha ingufu nke.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi ku bijyanye no gusukura hakoreshejwe laser, cyangwa ushaka kugura imashini nziza yo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser, andika ubutumwa ku rubuga rwacu hanyuma utwandikire kuri imeri!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-03-2022
