Ukugoba komshini wokushisela nge-laser kuyisici esibucayi esichazwa njengezikhala ezigcwele igesi ezivaleleke ngaphakathi kwensimbi yokushisela eqinile. Kulimaza ngqo ubuqotho bomshini, amandla okushisela, kanye nokuphila kokukhathala. Lo mhlahlandlela unikeza indlela eqondile, yokuqala izixazululo, ehlanganisa okutholakele ocwaningweni lwakamuva ekubunjweni kwezinsimbi ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokulawulwa kwenqubo okuqhutshwa yi-AI ukuze kuchazwe amasu okunciphisa asebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Porosity: Izimbangela Nemiphumela
Ukubhoboka kwe-porosity akuyona inkinga yendlela eyodwa; kuvela ezimweni eziningana ezihlukile zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela ngokushesha. Ukuqonda lezi zimbangela ezibalulekile kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni okuphumelelayo.
Izimbangela Eziyinhloko
Ukungcoliswa Komphezulu:Lona umthombo ovame kakhulu we-metallurgical porosity. Izinto ezingcolisayo ezifana nomswakama, uwoyela, kanye namafutha zicebile nge-hydrogen. Ngaphansi kwamandla amakhulu e-laser, lawa ma-compound ayabola, afake i-hydrogen eyisisekelo ensimbini encibilikisiwe. Njengoba ichibi lokushisela liphola futhi liqina ngokushesha, ukuncibilika kwe-hydrogen kuyawa, kuyiphoqa ukuthi iphume esixazululweni ukuze yakhe ama-pores amahle, ayindilinga.
Ukungazinzi kwe-Keyhole:Lokhu kuyimbangela eyinhloko yenqubo yokubhoboka. Imbobo yokhiye ezinzile ibalulekile ekushiseni okuzwakalayo. Uma amapharamitha enqubo engalungiswanga (isb., isivinini sokushisela siphezulu kakhulu kumandla e-laser), imbobo yokhiye ingashintshashintsha, ingazinzile, futhi iwele okwesikhashana. Ukugoba ngakunye kubamba isikhwama somusi wensimbi ocindezelwe kakhulu kanye negesi yokuvikela ngaphakathi kwechibi elincibilikisiwe, okuholela ezimbotsheni ezinkulu, ezingafani.
Ukuvikela Igesi Okunganele:Inhloso yokuvikela igesi ukususa umoya ozungezile. Uma ukugeleza kunganele, noma uma ukugeleza ngokweqile kubangela ukuphazamiseka okudonsela umoya, amagesi omoya—ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen ne-oxygen—azongcolisa i-weld. I-oxygen yakha kalula ama-oxide aqinile ngaphakathi kokuncibilika, kuyilapho i-nitrogen ingabanjwa njengemifantu noma yakhe ama-compound e-brittle nitride, womabili abeka engcupheni ubuqotho be-weld.
Imiphumela Eyingozi
Izakhiwo Zemishini Ezincishisiwe:Okubaluleke kakhulu, ama-pore anciphisa indawo ethwala umthwalo ye-weld, ehlisa ngqo Amandla ayo Okuqinela Okuphezulu. Okubaluleke kakhulu, asebenza njengezikhala zangaphakathi ezivimbela ukuguquka kwepulasitiki okufanayo kwensimbi engaphansi komthwalo. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kokuqhubeka kwezinto kunciphisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka, okwenza i-weld ibe buthakathaka futhi ithambekele ekuqhekekeni okungazelelwe.
Ukuphila Kokukhathala Okubekezelelwe:Lokhu kuvame ukuba umphumela obucayi kakhulu. Ama-pores, ikakhulukazi lawo anamakhona abukhali, ayizinto ezinamandla zokugxila ekucindezelekeni. Uma ingxenye ibhekene nomthwalo ojikelezayo, ukucindezeleka emaphethelweni e-pore kungaba phezulu kaningi kunokucindezeleka okuphelele engxenyeni. Lokhu kucindezeleka okuphezulu kwendawo kuqala imifantu emincane ekhula ngomjikelezo ngamunye, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kokukhathala okungaphansi kakhulu kwamandla aqinile alinganiswe yizinto.
Ukwanda Kokuzwela Kokugqwala:Uma imbobo iphula ubuso, idala indawo yokugqwala kwemifantu. Indawo encane, engaguquki ngaphakathi kwembobo inesimo samakhemikhali esihlukile kunobuso obuzungezile. Lo mehluko udala iseli le-electrochemical elisheshisa ukugqwala kwendawo ngamandla.
Ukudalwa Kwezindlela Zokuvuza:Ezingxenyeni ezidinga uphawu olungenamoya—njengezindawo zokuvala ibhethri noma amakamelo okuhlanza—i-porosity iyisimo sokwehluleka ngokushesha. Imbobo eyodwa esukela ngaphakathi iye ebusweni obungaphandle idala indlela eqondile yokuthi uketshezi noma amagesi avuza, okwenza ingxenye ingasebenzi.
Amasu Okunciphisa Angasetshenziswa Ukuze Kuqedwe Ukubhoboka Kwezimbobo
1. Izilawuli Zenqubo Eziyisisekelo
Ukulungiselela Okuphezulu Ngokucophelela
Lena imbangela ehamba phambili yokubhoboka. Zonke izindawo kanye nezinto zokugcwalisa kumele kuhlanzwe kahle ngokushesha ngaphambi kokushisela.
Ukuhlanza Isinyibilikisi:Sebenzisa isinyibilikisi esinjenge-acetone noma i-isopropyl alcohol ukuze uhlanze kahle zonke izindawo zokushisela. Lesi yisinyathelo esibalulekile ngoba ukungcola kwe-hydrocarbon (amafutha, amafutha, uketshezi olusikayo) kuyabola ngaphansi kokushisa okukhulu kwe-laser, kufaka i-hydrogen ngqo echibini lokushisela elincibilikisiwe. Njengoba insimbi iqina ngokushesha, leli gesi elivalelekile lidala ukugoba okuncane okonakalisa amandla okushisela. Isinyibilikisi sisebenza ngokuncibilikisa la ma-compound, okuvumela ukuthi asulwe ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokushisela.
Isexwayiso:Gwema izinyibilikisi ezine-chlorine, njengoba izinsalela zazo zingabola zibe amagesi ayingozi futhi zibangele ukuqhekeka.
Ukuhlanza Kwemishini:Sebenzisa ibhulashi lensimbi engagqwali elikhethekile lezinsimbi ezingagqwali noma i-carbide burr ukuze ususe ama-oxide aqinile.okuzinikeleIbhulashi libalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukungcoliswa okuphambene; isibonelo, ukusebenzisa ibhulashi lensimbi yekhabhoni ensimbini engagqwali kungafaka izinhlayiya zensimbi ezizogqwala kamuva futhi zonakalise ukushintshwa. I-carbide burr iyadingeka kuma-oxide aqinile futhi aqinile ngoba inolaka ngokwanele ukusika ungqimba ngokomzimba futhi iveze insimbi entsha, ehlanzekile ngaphansi.
Ukuklama Nokulungisa Okuqondile Kwamajoyinti
Amalunga angafakwanga kahle anezikhala eziningi kakhulu ayimbangela eqondile yokubhoboka. Igesi evikelayo egeleza isuka embotsheni ayikwazi ukushiya umoya ovaleleke ngaphakathi kwesikhala ngokuthembekile, ivumele ukuthi idonseleke echibini lokushisela.
Isiqondiso:Izikhala ezihlangene akufanele zidlule u-10% wobukhulu bezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukudlula lokhu kwenza ichibi lokushisela lingazinzile futhi kube nzima ukuthi igesi evikelayo ilivikele, okwandisa amathuba okubamba igesi. Ukulungisa ngokunemba kubalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe lesi simo.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwepharamitha Ehlelekile
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla e-laser, isivinini sokushisela, kanye nendawo yokugxila kudala ifasitela lenqubo. Leli fasitela kumele liqinisekiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi likhiqiza imbobo yokhiye ezinzile. Imbobo yokhiye engazinzile ingawa ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi sokushisela, ibambe amabhamuza ensimbi ephefumulayo kanye negesi evikelayo.
2. Ukukhethwa Nokulawulwa Kwegesi Yokuvikela Amasu
Igesi Elifanele Lezinto Ezisetshenziswayo
I-Argon (Ar):Indinganiso engasebenzi kahle yezinto eziningi ngenxa yobuningi bayo kanye nezindleko eziphansi.
I-nitrogen (N2):Isebenza kahle kakhulu ezinsimbini eziningi ngenxa yokuncibilika kwayo okuphezulu esigabeni esincibilikisiwe, okungavimbela ukubola kwe-nitrogen.
Okungacacile:Izifundo zamuva nje ziqinisekisa ukuthi kuma-alloy aqiniswe yi-nitrogen, i-N2 eningi kakhulu kugesi yokuvikela ingaholela ekuweni kwe-nitride okulimazayo, okuthinta ukuqina. Ukulinganisela ngokucophelela kubalulekile.
I-Helium (He) kanye ne-Ar/He Zixuba:Kubalulekile ezintweni ezisebenzisa ukushisa okuphezulu, njengethusi kanye ne-aluminium alloys. Ukushisa okuphezulu kwe-Helium kudala ichibi lokushisela elishisayo nelinoketshezi oluningi, elisiza kakhulu ekukhipheni igesi futhi lithuthukise ukungena kokushisa, livimbele ukugoba kanye nokuntuleka kwamaphutha okuhlangana.
Ukugeleza Okufanele Nokumbozwa
Ukugeleza okunganele kwehluleka ukuvikela ichibi lokushisela emoyeni. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukugeleza ngokweqile kudala isiyaluyalu, esidonsa umoya ozungezile futhi siwuxube negesi evikelayo, singcolise ukushisela.
Amanani Okugeleza Ajwayelekile:Amalitha angu-15-25/min kuma-nozzle e-coaxial, alungiselelwe ukusetshenziswa okuthile.
3. Ukunciphisa Okuthuthukisiwe Ngokubumba Ama-Dynamic Beam
Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinselele, ukwakheka kwe-dynamic beam kuyindlela yesimanje.
Indlela yokusebenza:Nakuba ukunyakazisa okulula ("ukuzamazama") kusebenza kahle, ucwaningo lwamuva lugxile emaphethini athuthukile, angewona ayindilinga (isb., i-infinity-loop, isibalo-8). Lezi zimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zinikeza ukulawula okuphezulu phezu kokuguquguquka koketshezi lwechibi elincibilikayo kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa, okuqinisa imbobo yesihluthulelo futhi kuvumele isikhathi esengeziwe sokuba igesi iphume.
Ukucatshangelwa Okuwusizo:Ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo zokubumba imisebe enamandla kumelela ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu futhi kunezela ubunzima ekusethweni kwenqubo. Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwezindleko nezinzuzo kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezingxenye ezinenani eliphezulu lapho ukulawulwa kwe-porosity kubaluleke kakhulu.
4. Amasu Okunciphisa Izinto Ezithile
Ama-Alloys e-Aluminium:Ithambekele ekuqhekekeni kwe-hydrogen okuvela ku-oxide emanzi ebusweni. Idinga i-deoxidation enamandla kanye negesi yokuvikela enamazolo aphansi (< -50°C), ngokuvamile enokuqukethwe kwe-helium ukwandisa ukugeleza kwamanzi echibini elincibilikayo.
Izinsimbi Ezihlanganisiwe:Ukushiswa kwe-zinc (indawo yokubila engu-907°C) kuyinselele enkulu. Igebe lomoya eliklanywe ngobunjiniyela elingu-0.1-0.2 mm lihlala liyindlela ephumelela kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iphuzu lokuncibilika kwensimbi (~1500°C) liphakeme kakhulu kunephuzu lokubila le-zinc. Igebe linikeza indlela ebalulekile yokuphuma komhwamuko we-zinc onengcindezi ephezulu.
Ama-alloy e-Titanium:Ukusabela ngokweqile kudinga ukuhlanzeka okuphelele kanye nokuvikela igesi okungapheli (izihlangu zokulandela kanye nezisekelayo) njengoba kunqunywe yi-aerospace standard AWS D17.1.
Ama-Alloy Ethusi:Kuyinselele kakhulu ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokukhanya okuphezulu kuma-laser e-infrared. Ukubhoboka kuvame ukubangelwa ukuhlanganiswa okungaphelele kanye negesi ebambekile. Ukunciphisa kudinga amandla amaningi, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa igesi yokuvikela egcwele i-helium ukuthuthukisa ukuhlangana kwamandla kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi echibini elincibilikayo, kanye nokwakheka kwe-beam okuthuthukisiwe ukuze kufudunyezwe futhi kuphathwe ukuncibilika kusengaphambili.
Ubuchwepheshe Obusha kanye Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo
Le nsimu ithuthuka ngokushesha ngale kokulawulwa okungaguquki iye ekushiseni okunamandla nokuhlakaniphile.
Ukuqapha Okungaphakathi Kwendawo Okusebenzisa I-AI:Umkhuba wakamuva obaluleke kakhulu. Amamodeli okufunda komshini manje ahlaziya idatha yesikhathi sangempela evela kumakhamera e-coaxial, ama-photodiode, kanye nezinzwa ze-acoustic. Lezi zinhlelo zingabikezela ukuqala kwe-porosity futhi zixwayise umqhubi noma, ekusethweni okuthuthukile, zilungise amapharamitha e-laser ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kwesici.
Inothi Lokusebenza:Nakuba zinamandla, lezi zinhlelo eziqhutshwa yi-AI zidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okukhulu kuzinzwa, ihadiwe yokuthola idatha, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemodeli. Imbuyiselo yazo ekutshalweni kwezimali iphezulu kakhulu ekukhiqizweni okunomthamo omkhulu, okunezingxenye ezibalulekile lapho izindleko zokwehluleka ziphezulu kakhulu.
Isiphetho
Ukugoba kwe-laser welding kuyiphutha elingalawuleka. Ngokuhlanganisa izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuhlanzeka nokulawula amapharamitha nobuchwepheshe besimanje njengokwakheka kwe-dynamic beam kanye nokuqapha okusebenzisa i-AI, abakhiqizi bangakhiqiza ngokuthembekile ama-weld angenamaphutha. Ikusasa lokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi ekushiseni lilele kulezi zinhlelo ezihlakaniphile eziqapha, zivumelanise, futhi ziqinisekise ikhwalithi ngesikhathi sangempela.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
Q1: Iyini imbangela eyinhloko yokwakheka kwe-porosity ekushiseni nge-laser?
A: Imbangela eyodwa evame kakhulu ukungcoliswa komhlaba (amafutha, umswakama) okuhwamuka futhi kungenise igesi ye-hydrogen echibini lokushisela.
Umbuzo 2: Kanjanito ukuvimbela ukubhoboka kwe-aluminium welding?
A: Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuhlanza ngaphambi kokushisela ukuze kususwe ungqimba lwe-aluminium oxide olumanzi, oluhambisana negesi yokuvikela ehlanzekile kakhulu, enamazolo aphansi, evame ukuqukethe i-helium.
Q3: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-porosity kanye nokufakwa kwe-slag?
A: Ukugoba kuyisikhala segesi. Ukufakwa kwe-slag kuyisici esiqinile esingesinsimbi esivalelekile futhi ngokuvamile akuhlotshaniswa nokushiswa kwe-laser yemodi ye-keyhole, yize kungenzeka ekushisweni kwe-laser conduction nge-fluxes ethile noma izinto zokugcwalisa ezingcolisiwe.
Q4: Iyiphi igesi yokuvikela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukubhoboka kwensimbi?
A: Nakuba i-Argon ivamile, i-Nitrogen (N2) ivame ukuba ngcono kunezinsimbi eziningi ngenxa yokuncibilika kwayo okuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izinsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu, amathuba okwakheka kwe-nitride kumele ahlolwe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-25-2025
