Ukuqhekeka kwe-laser welding sisiphene esibalulekileyo esichazwa njengeendawo ezigcwele igesi ezivaleleke kwisinyithi esiqinileyo se-weld. Sichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuthembeka koomatshini, amandla e-weld, kunye nobomi bokudinwa. Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngendlela ethe ngqo, yezisombululo kuqala, equka iziphumo zophando lwamva nje kwi-advanced beam shaping kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo oluqhutywa yi-AI ukuchaza amaqhinga okunciphisa asebenzayo.
Uhlalutyo lwePorosity: Izizathu kunye neMiphumo
Ukuqhekeka kwe-porosity akuyonto ingaqhelekanga ngendlela enye; kuvela kwiziganeko ezahlukeneyo zomzimba nezekhemikhali ngexesha lenkqubo yokuwelda ngokukhawuleza. Ukuqonda ezi zizathu ziphambili kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ngempumelelo.
Izizathu eziphambili
Ungcoliseko lomphezulu:Lo ngumthombo oqhelekileyo we-metallurgical porosity. Izinto ezingcolisayo ezifana nokufuma, iioyile, kunye neegrisi zityebile kwi-hydrogen. Phantsi kwamandla amakhulu e-laser, ezi zinto ziyabola, zifake i-hydrogen ye-elemental kwisinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo. Njengoko ichibi le-weld liphola kwaye liqina ngokukhawuleza, ukunyibilika kwe-hydrogen kuyawa, kuyinyanzela ukuba iphume kwisisombululo ukuze yenze ii-pores ezintle nezingqukuva.
Ukungazinzi kweHole yeSikhiye:Le yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukuba inkqubo ihambe kancinci. Umngxuma wesitshixo ozinzileyo ubalulekile kwi-weld yesandi. Ukuba iiparameter zenkqubo azilungiswanga (umz., isantya sokuwelda siphezulu kakhulu kumandla e-laser), umngxuma wesitshixo unokuguquguquka, ungaguquguquki, kwaye udilike okomzuzwana. Ukudilika ngakunye kubamba ipokotho yomphunga wesinyithi oxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye negesi yokukhusela ngaphakathi kwidama elinyibilikisiweyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho imingxunya emikhulu, engalinganiyo.
Ukukhusela igesi okungonelanga:Injongo yokukhusela igesi kukususa umoya ojikelezileyo. Ukuba ukuhamba kwawo akwanelanga, okanye ukuba ukuhamba okugqithisileyo kubangela isiphithiphithi esitsala umoya, iigesi zomoya—ngokuyintloko initrogen kunye neoxygen—ziya kungcolisa i-weld. Ioksijini yenza ngokulula ii-solid oxides ngaphakathi kwe-melt, ngelixa initrogen inokubanjwa njengee-pores okanye yenze ii-brittle nitride compounds, zombini ezibeka emngciphekweni ukuthembeka kwe-weld.
Iziphumo Eziyingozi
Iipropati zoomatshini ezincitshisiweyo:Iimbobo zinciphisa indawo enqamlezileyo ye-weld ethwala umthwalo, zinciphisa ngokuthe ngqo amandla ayo okuqina. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, zisebenza njengezithuba zangaphakathi ezithintela ukuguquka kweplastiki efanayo kwesinyithi esiphantsi komthwalo. Oku kulahleka kokuqhubeka kwezinto kunciphisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka, okwenza i-weld ibe buthathaka ngakumbi kwaye ithambekele ekuqhekekeni ngequbuliso.
Ubomi bokudinwa obuphantsi:Oku kudla ngokuba sisiphumo esibaluleke kakhulu. Iimbobo, ingakumbi ezo zineekona ezibukhali, zizinto ezinamandla zokugxila uxinzelelo. Xa icandelo liphantsi komthwalo ojikelezayo, uxinzelelo olusemaphethelweni embobo lunokuba phezulu ngokuphindwe kaninzi kunoxinzelelo olupheleleyo olukwinxalenye. Olu xinzelelo luphezulu olukwindawo ethile luqala iintanda ezincinci ezikhula ngomjikelo ngamnye, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphelelweni kukudinwa okungaphantsi kakhulu kwamandla azinzileyo alinganisiweyo ezinto.
Ukwanda Kokuchaphazeleka Kokugqwala:Xa imbobo iqhekeza umphezulu, idala indawo yokubola kwemingxuma. Indawo encinci, engashukumiyo ngaphakathi kwembobo ine-chemical makeup eyahlukileyo kunomphezulu ojikelezileyo. Lo mahluko udala iseli ye-electrochemical ekhawulezisa ngokukhawuleza ukubola kwendawo ethile.
Ukudalwa kweendlela zokuvuza:Kwizinto ezifuna isitywino esingenamoya—ezifana neendawo zokuvala iibhetri okanye amagumbi okucoca—i-porosity yimeko yokusilela ngokukhawuleza. I-pore enye esuka ngaphakathi ukuya kumphezulu ongaphandle idala indlela ethe ngqo yokuba ulwelo okanye iigesi zivuze, nto leyo eyenza ukuba i-component ingasebenzi.
Amaqhinga Okunciphisa Ubunzima Obunokwenzeka Ukuze Kupheliswe Ukuqhekeka Kwamaqhuqhuva
1. Ulawulo lweNkqubo oluSiseko
Ukulungiswa Komphezulu Ngocoselelo
Le yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukuvuleka kweendawo. Zonke iindawo kunye nezinto zokuzalisa kufuneka zicocwe kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba zifakwe iintsimbi.
Ukucocwa kweSolvent:Sebenzisa isinyibilikisi esifana ne-acetone okanye i-isopropyl alcohol ukucoca ngokupheleleyo zonke iindawo zokuwelda. Eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo kuba izinto ezingcolisayo ze-hydrocarbon (iioyile, igrisi, ulwelo lokusika) ziyabola phantsi kobushushu obukhulu be-laser, zifake i-hydrogen ngqo kwidama lokuwelda elinyibilikisiweyo. Njengoko isinyithi siqina ngokukhawuleza, le gesi ibambekileyo idala imingxunya emincinci eyonakalisa amandla okuwelda. Isinyibilikisi sisebenza ngokunyibilikisa ezi zinto, sivumela ukuba zisulwe ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba ziwelda.
Isilumkiso:Ziphephe izinyibilikisi ezineklorini, njengoko intsalela yazo inokubola ibe ziigesi eziyingozi kwaye ibangele ukuqhekeka.
Ukucoca Oomatshini:Sebenzisa ibrashi yentsimbi engagqwaliyo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa kwiintsimbi ezingagqwaliyo okanye i-carbide burr ukususa ii-oxides ezityebileyo.ezinikezelweyoIbrashi ibalulekile ekuthinteleni ukungcoliswa okunqamlezileyo; umzekelo, ukusebenzisa ibrashi yentsimbi yekhabhoni kwintsimbi engagqwaliyo kunokufaka amasuntswana entsimbi aza kuthi kamva agqwale aze onakalise i-weld. I-carbide burr iyimfuneko kwii-oxides eziqinileyo neziqinileyo kuba inamandla ngokwaneleyo ukusika ngokwasemzimbeni umaleko kwaye iveze isinyithi esitsha nesicocekileyo ngaphantsi.
Uyilo oluchanekileyo kunye nokudibanisa iintambo
Iijoyinti ezingafakwanga kakuhle ezinezikhewu ezininzi zingunobangela othe ngqo wokuqhekeka. Igesi yokukhusela ephuma kwi-nozzle ayinakuyisusa ngokuthembekileyo i-atmosphere ebambeke nzulu ngaphakathi kwesithuba, ivumela ukuba itsalwe kwidama lokuwelda.
Isikhokelo:Izikhewu ezidibeneyo akufuneki zidlule kwi-10% yobukhulu bezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ukudlula oku kwenza ichibi lokuwelda lingaqini kwaye kube nzima ukuba igesi ekhuselayo ikhuseleke, nto leyo enyusa amathuba okubamba igesi. Ukufakela ngokuchanekileyo kubalulekile ukugcina le meko.
Ukulungiswa kweParameter eCwangcisiweyo
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwamandla elaser, isantya sokuwelda, kunye nendawo egxile kuyo kudala ifestile yenkqubo. Le festile kufuneka iqinisekiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ivelisa isitshixo esizinzileyo. Isitshixo esingazinzanga sinokuwa ngamaxesha athile ngexesha lokuwelda, sibambe amaqamza esinyithi esinomphunga kunye negesi yokukhusela.
2. Ukukhethwa kunye noLawulo lweGesi yoKhuseleko oluCwangcisiweyo
Igesi Echanekileyo Kwizinto Ezisetyenzisiweyo
I-Argon (Ar):Umgangatho ongasebenziyo wezinto ezininzi ngenxa yobuninzi bazo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.
I-nitrogen (N2):Isebenza kakhulu kwiintsimbi ezininzi ngenxa yokuba inyibilika kakhulu kwisigaba esinyibilikisiweyo, nto leyo enokuthintela ukubola kwe-nitrogen.
Intsingiselo engaqhelekanga:Izifundo zakutshanje ziqinisekisa ukuba kwii-alloys ezomelezwe yi-nitrogen, i-N2 eninzi kwigesi yokukhusela inokukhokelela ekuweni kwe-nitride eyingozi, nto leyo echaphazela ukuqina. Ukulinganisela ngononophelo kubalulekile.
Iingxube zeHelium (He) kunye neAr/He:Ibalulekile kwizixhobo ezinobushushu obuphezulu, ezifana nee-alloys zekopolo kunye ne-aluminium. Ubushushu obuphezulu be-Helium budala ichibi lokuwelda elishushu nelinolwelo ngakumbi, elinceda kakhulu ekukhupheni igesi kwaye liphucule ukungena kobushushu, lithintele ukubola kunye nokungabikho kweziphene zokudibanisa.
Ukuhamba kakuhle kunye nokugubungela
Ukungapheleli kokuhamba kwamanzi akukwazi ukukhusela ichibi lokuwelda emoyeni. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuhamba kwamanzi amaninzi kudala isiphithiphithi, esitsala umoya ojikelezileyo size siwuxube negesi ekhuselayo, singcolise i-weld.
Amanqanaba okuhamba kwamanzi aqhelekileyo:Iilitha ezili-15-25/ngomzuzu kwii-nozzles ze-coaxial, ezilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa okuthile.
3. Ukunciphisa okuPhambili ngeDynamic Beam Shaping
Kwizicelo ezinzima, ukubumba imiqadi ngendlela eguquguqukayo yindlela yanamhlanje.
Indlela yokusebenza:Nangona ukushukuma okulula ("ukushukuma") kusebenza, uphando lwakutshanje lugxile kwiipateni eziphambili, ezingezizo ezijikelezayo (umz., i-infinity-loop, umfanekiso-8). Ezi mpawu zintsonkothileyo zibonelela ngolawulo oluphezulu phezu kwamandla olwelo lwechibi elinyibilikayo kunye neqondo lobushushu, nto leyo ezinzisa ngakumbi isitshixo kwaye ivumela ixesha elingakumbi lokuba igesi iphume.
Ingqwalasela Esebenzayo:Ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zokubumba imiqadi enamandla kubonisa utyalo-mali olukhulu kwaye kongeza ubunzima ekusetweni kwenkqubo. Uhlalutyo olunzulu lweendleko kunye neenzuzo luyimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiindawo ezinexabiso eliphezulu apho ulawulo lwe-porosity lubaluleke kakhulu.
4. Amaqhinga okunciphisa izinto ezithile
IiAluminiyam zeAluminiyam:Ithanda ukuba ne-hydrogen porosity evela kwi-hydrated surface oxide. Ifuna i-aggressive deoxidation kunye ne-low-dew-point (< -50°C) shielding gas, edla ngokuba nomxholo we-helium ukwandisa ukunyibilika kwedama elinyibilikayo.
Iintsimbi ezigayiweyo:Ukufuthwa kwe-zinc (inqanaba lokubila elingama-907°C) yeyona ngxaki iphambili. Umsantsa womoya ochwepheshileyo we-0.1-0.2 mm useyeyona ndlela isebenzayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba inqanaba lokunyibilika kwentsimbi (~1500°C) liphezulu kakhulu kuneqondo lokubila le-zinc. Umsantsa ubonelela ngendlela ebalulekileyo yokuphuma kumphunga we-zinc oxinezelekileyo.
IiAlloys zeTitanium:Ukusabela okugqithisileyo kufuna ucoceko olupheleleyo kunye nokukhusela igesi engangeniyo (izikhuselo zokulandela kunye nezikhuselo zangasemva) njengoko kuyalelwe ngumgangatho wenqwelomoya i-AWS D17.1.
IiAlloys zeCopper:Inzima kakhulu ngenxa yokuqhuba okuphezulu kobushushu kunye nokukhanya okuphezulu kwi-infrared lasers. Ukuxinana kudla ngokubangelwa kukudibana okungaphelelanga kunye negesi ebambekileyo. Ukunciphisa kufuna uxinano lwamandla aphezulu, kudla ngokusetyenziswa igesi yokukhusela ene-helium ukuphucula ukudibana kwamandla kunye nokunyibilika kwedama lokunyibilika, kunye neemilo eziphambili zemitha yokushisa kwangaphambili kunye nokulawula ukunyibilika.
Iiteknoloji Ezisakhulayo kunye Nezikhokelo Zexesha Elizayo
Eli candelo lihamba ngokukhawuleza ngaphaya kolawulo olungashukumiyo ukuya kwi-dynamic, i-smart welding.
Ukubeka esweni imeko ngaphakathi nge-AI:Eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yakutshanje. Iimodeli zokufunda koomatshini ngoku zihlalutya idatha yexesha langempela evela kwiikhamera ze-coaxial, ii-photodiode, kunye nee-acoustic sensors. Ezi nkqubo zinokuqikelela ukuqala kwe-porosity kwaye zilumkise umqhubi okanye, kwiisetingi eziphambili, zilungise iiparameter ze-laser ngokuzenzekelayo ukuthintela ukwakheka kwesiphene.
Inqaku Lokuphunyezwa:Nangona zinamandla, ezi nkqubo eziqhutywa yi-AI zifuna utyalo-mali olukhulu lokuqala kwiisensa, izixhobo zokufumana idatha, kunye nophuhliso lwemodeli. Imbuyekezo yazo kutyalo-mali iphezulu kakhulu kwimveliso ephezulu, enezinto ezibalulekileyo apho ixabiso lokungaphumeleli liphezulu kakhulu.
Isiphelo
Ukuxinana kwe-laser welding sisiphene esilawulekayo. Ngokudibanisa imigaqo esisiseko yococeko kunye nolawulo lweeparameter kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu obufana nokubumba i-dynamic beam kunye nokubeka esweni okuqhutywa yi-AI, abavelisi banokuvelisa ngokuthembekileyo ii-welds ezingenaziphene. Ikamva lokuqinisekiswa komgangatho kwi-welding lilele kwezi nkqubo zikrelekrele ezijonga, zilungelelanise, kwaye ziqinisekise umgangatho ngexesha langempela.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo)
Umbuzo 1: Yintoni eyona nto ibangela ukuba kubekho imingxunya kwi-laser welding?
A: Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kukungcola komhlaba (iioyile, ukufuma) okukhupha umphunga nokungenisa igesi yehydrogen echibini lokuwelda.
Umbuzo 2: Njanito ukuthintela ukuvuleka kwe-aluminium welding?
A: Inyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu kukucoca ngamandla ngaphambi kokuwelda ukuze kususwe umaleko we-aluminium oxide omanzi, odibene negesi ekhuselayo ecocekileyo kakhulu, enombethe ophantsi, edla ngokuba ne-helium.
Umbuzo 3: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-porosity kunye nokufakwa kwe-slag?
A: I-Porosity yi-gas cavity. Ukufakwa kwe-slag yinto eqinileyo engavalwanga ngentsimbi kwaye ayiqhelekanga ukunxulunyaniswa ne-laser welding ye-keyhole-mode, nangona inokwenzeka kwi-laser conduction welding ene-fluxes ethile okanye izinto zokuzalisa ezingcolisiweyo.
Umbuzo 4: Yeyiphi igesi yokukhusela engcono kakhulu yokuthintela ukubola kwentsimbi?
A: Nangona i-Argon ixhaphakile, iNitrogen (N2) idla ngokuba yeyona ilungileyo kwiintsimbi ezininzi ngenxa yokunyibilika kwayo okuphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiintsimbi ezithile ezinamandla aphezulu, kufuneka kuhlolwe amandla okwenza i-nitride.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-25-2025
