I-Porosity kwi-laser welding sisiphene esibalulekileyo esichazwa njenge-voids ezaliswe yigesi evaleleke ngaphakathi kwentsimbi eqinile. Ibeka esichengeni ngokuthe ngqo ukuthembeka komatshini, amandla e-weld, kunye nobomi bokudinwa. Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngokuthe ngqo, isisombululo-indlela yokuqala, ebandakanya iziphumo zophando lwakutsha nje kwimibhobho ephucukileyo kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo eqhutywa yi-AI ukucacisa ezona zicwangciso zisebenzayo zokunciphisa.
Uhlalutyo lwe-Porosity: Izizathu kunye neziphumo
I-Porosity ayisosiphene senkqubo enye; ivela kwizinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding ekhawulezayo. Ukuqonda ezi zizathu zingundoqo kubalulekile kuthintelo olusebenzayo.
Oonobangela abaphambili
Usulelo loMphezulu:Lo ngowona mthombo oqhelekileyo we-metallurgical porosity. Izinto ezingcolisayo ezifana nokufuma, ioyile, kunye namafutha zityebile kwihydrogen. Ngaphantsi kwamandla amakhulu e-laser, ezi khompawundi ziyabola, zifake i-hydrogen elemental kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo. Njengoko i-weld pool iphola kwaye iqina ngokukhawuleza, ukunyibilika kwehydrogen kuyehla, kunyanzeleke ukuba iphume kwisisombululo yenze imingxunya ecolekileyo, engqukuva.
Ukungazinzi komngxuma wesitshixo:Lo ngoyena mqhubi wenkqubo ye-porosity. Umngxuma wesitshixo ozinzileyo uyimfuneko kwi-weld yesandi. Ukuba iiparamitha zenkqubo azilungiswanga (umzekelo, isantya se-welding siphezulu kakhulu kumandla e-laser), umngxuma wesitshixo unokuguquguquka, ungazinzi, kwaye uwohloke okomzuzwana. Ukuwa ngakunye kubamba ipokotho yomphunga wesinyithi woxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nerhasi ekhuselayo ngaphakathi kwedama elityhidiweyo, okukhokelela kwivoids enkulu, emile ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
Ukungonelanga koKhuselo lwerhasi:Injongo yokukhusela irhasi kukususa umoya osingqongileyo. Ukuba ukuhamba kunganelanga, okanye ukuba ukuhamba ngokugqithiseleyo kubangela i-turbulence edonsa emoyeni, iigesi ze-atmospheric-ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen kunye ne-oxygen-ziya kungcolisa i-weld. Ioksijini yenza iioksidi eziqinileyo ngaphakathi kokunyibilika, ngelixa initrogen inokubanjwa njenge pores okanye yenze iikhompawundi ze-nitride ezinqabileyo, zombini ezibeka esichengeni ingqibelelo yeweld.
Imiphumo Eyingozi
IiPropati eziNcitshisiweyo zoomatshini:Iipores zinciphisa indawo ejongene nomthwalo we-weld, ngokuthe ngqo ukuthoba amandla ayo okugqibela. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, basebenza njenge-voids yangaphakathi ekhusela i-deformation yeplastiki efanayo yesinyithi phantsi komthwalo. Oku kulahleka kokuqhubeka kwezinto kunciphisa kakhulu i-ductility, okwenza i-weld ibe brittle kwaye ithande ukuphuka ngokukhawuleza.
Ubomi bokudinwa obubekwe esichengeni:Oku kudla ngokuba sesona siphumo sibalulekileyo. Iipores, ngakumbi ezo zineekona ezibukhali, zizigxina ezinamandla zoxinzelelo. Xa icandelo liphantsi komthwalo we-cyclic, uxinzelelo olusemdeni we-pore lunokuba ngamaxesha amaninzi ngaphezu koxinzelelo olupheleleyo kwinxalenye. Olu xinzelelo luphezulu lwasekhaya luqalisa iintanda ezincinci ezikhula kumjikelo ngamnye, okukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kokudinwa kude ngezantsi kwamandla we-static wesixhobo.
Ukonyuka kokuSetyenzwa kokuMhlwa:Xa i pore iqhekeza umphezulu, yenza indawo yokukrala kwemingxuma. Imekobume emincinci, emileyo ngaphakathi kwi pore inemichiza eyahlukileyo yokwakheka komphezulu ojikelezileyo. Lo mahluko udala iseli ye-electrochemical ekhawulezisa ngokukhawuleza ukubola kwendawo.
Ukudalwa kweeNdlela ezivuzayo:Kumacandelo afuna isitywina se-hermetic-ezinje ngebhetri evaliweyo okanye amagumbi okucoca-i-porosity yimeko yokusilela kwangoko. Umngxuma omnye osuka ngaphakathi ukuya kumphezulu wangaphandle wenza indlela ethe ngqo yolwelo okanye iigesi ezivuzayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba icandelo lingabi namsebenzi.
Ubuchule bokuNciphisa obuSebenzayo bokuphelisa iPorosity
1. Ulawulo lweNkqubo yeSiseko
ULungiselelo olucokisekileyo loMphezulu
Lo ngunobangela ophambili we-porosity. Yonke imiphezulu kunye nezinto zokuzalisa kufuneka zicocwe ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuba zifakwe kwi-welding.
Ukucoca ngenyibilikisi:Sebenzisa i-solvent efana ne-acetone okanye i-isopropyl yotywala ukucoca ngokucokisekileyo yonke imiphezulu ye-weld. Eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo kuba izingcolisi zehydrocarbon (ioyile, igrisi, ulwelo lokusika) zibola phantsi kobushushu obugqithisileyo belaser, zigalela i-hydrogen ngqo kwi-weld pool etyhidiweyo. Njengoko isinyithi siqina ngokukhawuleza, le gesi evalelekileyo yenza i-porosity ethoba amandla e-weld. I-solvent isebenza ngokunyibilikisa ezi zixhobo, zivumela ukuba zicinywe ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba zidibanise.
Isilumkiso:Gwema i-solvents ene-chlorine, njengoko i-residu yabo inokubola kwiigesi ezinobungozi kwaye ibangele i-embrittlement.
Ukucoca oomatshini:Sebenzisa ibrashi yocingo yentsimbi ezinikeleyo kwiintsimbi ezingatyiwayo okanye i-carbide burr ukususa iioksidi ezishinyeneyo. Aezinikezelweyoibrashi ibalulekile ukuthintela ungcoliseko olunqamlezayo; umzekelo, ukusebenzisa ibhrashi yentsimbi yekhabhoni kwintsimbi engatyiwayo kunokufakela amasuntswana entsimbi aya kuthi kamva aruse kwaye abeke esichengeni i-weld. I-carbide burr iyimfuneko kwi-oksidi eshinyeneyo, eqinile ngenxa yokuba inobundlongondlongo ngokwaneleyo ukuba inqumle umaleko kwaye iveze isinyithi esitsha, esicocekileyo ngaphantsi.
Uyilo oluDityanisiweyo oluchanekileyo kunye noLungiso
Amalungu angafakwanga kakuhle anezikhewu ezigqithisileyo yimbangela ethe ngqo ye-porosity. Irhasi ekhuselayo equkuqela isuka kumbhobho ayinakukwazi ukushenxisa umoya ojikeleze umhlaba ovalelwe nzulu phakathi kwesikhewu, iwuvumela ukuba utsalelwe kwi-weld pool.
Isikhokelo:Izikhewu ezidityanisiweyo akufunekanga zidlule kwi-10% yobunzima bezinto eziphathekayo. Ukugqithisa oku kwenza i-weld pool ingazinzi kwaye inzima kwigesi ekhuselayo ukukhusela, ukwandisa amathuba okubambisa igesi. Ukulungiswa okuchanekileyo kubalulekile ukugcina le meko.
UPhuculo lweParameter eCwangcisiweyo
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwamandla e-laser, isantya se-welding, kunye nesikhundla sokugxila senza inkqubo yefestile. Le festile kufuneka iqinisekiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ivelisa umngxuma wesitshixo ozinzile. Umngxuma wesitshixo ongazinzanga unokuwa rhoqo ngexesha le-welding, ubambe amaqamza esinyithi esiphuhliweyo kunye negesi ekhuselayo.
2. UKhetho loBuchule bokuKhusela iGesi kunye noLawulo
Irhasi echanekileyo yeMathiriyeli
IArgon (Ar):Umgangatho ongasebenziyo wezinto ezininzi ngenxa yobuninzi bayo kunye neendleko eziphantsi.
Nitrogen (N2):Isebenza kakhulu kwiintsimbi ezininzi ngenxa yokunyibilika kwayo okuphezulu kwinqanaba elityhidiweyo, elinokuthintela i-nitrogen porosity.
Umbono:Uphononongo lwakutsha nje luqinisekisa ukuba kwii-alloys ezomelezwe ngenitrogen, ukugqithisa kwe-N2 kwirhasi ekhuselayo kunokukhokelela ekucimeni kwemvula ye-nitride, echaphazela ukuqina. Ulungelelwaniso ngononophelo lubalulekile.
IHelium (Yena) kunye neAr/He Mixes:Kubalulekile kwizixhobo ezine-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal, ezifana nobhedu kunye ne-aluminium alloys. I-Thermal conductivity ephezulu ye-Helium idala i-weld pool eshushu, eyongezelelekileyo, enceda kakhulu ekususeni igesi kwaye iphucule ukungena kobushushu, ithintele i-porosity kunye nokungabikho kwe-fusion iziphene.
Ukuhamba ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuFumana
Ukuhamba okunganelanga kuyasilela ukukhusela i-weld pool emoyeni. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuhamba okugqithisileyo kudala isiphithiphithi, esitsala umoya ojikelezayo kwaye sixube kunye negesi ekhuselayo, engcolisa i-weld.
Amaxabiso okuHambo aQhelekileyo:I-15-25 Iilitha / imiz ye-coaxial nozzles, ilungiswe kwisicelo esithile.
3.UkuNciphisa okuPhambili ngokuBunjwa kweBeam eDynamic
Kwizicelo ezicela umngeni, ukubunjwa kwe-beam eguquguqukayo yindlela yobugcisa bemeko.
Inkqubo:Ngelixa i-oscillation elula (i-“wobble”) isebenzayo, uphando lwakutsha nje lujolise kwiipateni eziphambili, ezingezizo ezijikelezayo (umz., infinity-loop, figure-8). Ezi milo zintsonkothileyo zibonelela ngolawulo oluphezulu kutshintsho lwe-melt pool's fluid kunye ne-gradient yobushushu, ukuzinzisa ngakumbi umngxuma wesitshixo kunye nokuvumela ixesha elingakumbi lokuphuma kwerhasi.
Uqwalaselo olusebenzayo:Ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo eziguquguqukayo zokubunjwa kwemiqadi kubonisa utyalo-mali olukhulu olubalulekileyo kwaye kongeza ubunzima ekusekweni kwenkqubo. Uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo lweendleko-benefit luyimfuneko ukuthethelela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kumacandelo exabiso eliphezulu apho ulawulo lwe-porosity lubaluleke kakhulu.
4. IziCwangciso zokuNciphisa eziNgqongileyo
Iingxube zeAluminiyam:Ithambekele kwi-hydrogen porosity ukusuka kwi-hydrated surface oxide. Ifuna i-aggressive deoxidation kunye ne-low-dew-point (< -50°C) ekhusela irhasi, ehlala inomxholo we-helium ukunyusa ukunyibilika kwechibi.
Iintsimbi zeGalvanized:Ukuqhuma kwe-zinc (indawo yokubilisa i-907 ° C) ngowona mngeni. Umsantsa wokungena owenziwe ngobunjineli we-0.1-0.2 mm uhlala usesona sicwangciso sisebenzayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba iqondo lokunyibilika kwentsimbi (~1500°C) liphezulu kakhulu kunendawo yokubila yezinki. Isikhewu sibonelela ngendlela ebalulekileyo yokuphuma kumphunga we-zinc woxinzelelo oluphezulu.
I-Titanium Alloys:Ukuphinda kusebenze okugqithisileyo kufuna ucoceko olupheleleyo kunye nokhuseleko olubanzi lwerhasi engasebenziyo (izikhuselo ezisemva kunye nezixhasayo) njengoko kugunyaziswe ngumgangatho we-aerospace AWS D17.1.
Iialloyi zobhedu:Umceli mngeni omkhulu ngenxa yokuhanjiswa kwe-thermal ephezulu kunye nokubonakala okuphezulu kwiilaser ze-infrared. I-porosity idla ngokubangelwa kukudityaniswa okungaphelelanga kunye negesi evalelekileyo. Unciphiso lufuna uxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu, kusetyenziswa irhasi yokukhusela etyebileyo ngehelium ukuphucula amandla okudibanisa kunye nokunyibilika kwamanzi echibini, kunye neemilo ezihambele phambili zemiqadi ukutshisa kwangaphambili kunye nokulawula ukunyibilika.
Ubuchwephesha obusakhulayo kunye nezikhokelo zexesha elizayo
Intsimi iqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza ngaphaya kolawulo olusisigxina ukuya kwi-welding eguqukayo, ehlakaniphile.
I-AI-Powered In-Situ Monitoring:Eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yamva nje. Iimodeli zokufunda ngoomatshini ngoku zihlalutya idatha yexesha lokwenyani ukusuka kwiikhamera ze-coaxial, i-photodiodes, kunye ne-acoustic sensors. Ezi nkqubo zinokuqikelela ukuqala kwe-porosity kwaye mhlawumbi zilumkise umqhubi okanye, kwiiseto eziphuculweyo, zilungelelanise iiparamitha ze-laser ngokuzenzekelayo ukuthintela isiphene ekubumbeni.
Inqaku lokuphumeza:Ngelixa zinamandla, ezi nkqubo ziqhutywa yi-AI zifuna utyalo-mali lokuqala kwi-sensors, i-hardware yokufumana idatha, kunye nophuhliso lwemodeli. Imbuyekezo yabo kutyalo-mali iphezulu kwi-volume ephezulu, imveliso ebalulekileyo apho iindleko zokungaphumeleli zigqithise.
Ukuqukumbela
I-Porosity kwi-laser welding isiphene esilawulekayo. Ngokudibanisa imigaqo esisiseko yokucoceka kunye nolawulo lweparameter kunye nobuchwephesha bexesha lobuchwephesha obufana nokubunjwa komqadi oguquguqukayo kunye nokujongwa kwamandla e-AI, abavelisi banokuvelisa ngokuthembekileyo ii-welds ezingenasiphako. Ikamva loqinisekiso lomgangatho kwi-welding ilele kwezi nkqubo zikrelekrele ezibeka iliso, zilungelelanise, kwaye ziqinisekise umgangatho ngexesha langempela.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (FAQ)
I-Q1: Yintoni eyona nto ibangela i-porosity kwi-laser welding?
A: Oyena nobangela uxhaphakileyo kukungcoliseka komphezulu (ioyile, ukufuma) okuba ngumphunga kungenise irhasi yehydrogen kwi weld pool.
Q2: Njanito ukuthintela i-porosity kwi-welding ye-aluminium?
A: Inyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu kukucoceka kwangaphambili kwe-weld ukususa i-hydrated aluminium oxide layer, idibaniswe ne-high-purity, i-low-dew-point-shielding gas, ehlala iqulethe i-helium.
I-Q3: Uthini umahluko phakathi kwe-porosity kunye nokufakwa kwe-slag?
A: I-porosity ngumgodi wegesi. Ukufakwa kwe-slag yinto evalelweyo engeyiyo isinyithi kwaye ayiqhelekanga ukudityaniswa ne-keyhole-mode ye-laser welding, nangona inokuthi yenzeke kwi-laser conduction welding kunye ne-fluxes ethile okanye izixhobo zokuzalisa ezingcolileyo.
I-Q4: Yeyiphi igesi ekhuselayo yokukhusela i-porosity kwintsimbi?
A: Ngelixa iArgon ixhaphakile, iNitrogen (N2) isoloko iphezulu kwiintsimbi ezininzi ngenxa yokunyibilika kwayo okuphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiintsimbi ezithile eziphezulu eziphezulu, amandla okwenza i-nitride kufuneka ahlolwe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-25-2025
