Ukuwelda ngeLaser: Indlela yokukhetha igesi yakho yokukhusela

Ukukhetha igesi yokuncedisa ukuwelda nge-laser efanelekileyo yenye yezona zigqibo zibalulekileyo oza kuzenza, kodwa idla ngokungaqondwa kakuhle. Wakha wazibuza ukuba kutheni i-laser weld ebonakala igqibelele ingaphumelelanga phantsi koxinzelelo? Impendulo isenokuba semoyeni… okanye endaweni yoko, kwigesi ethile oyisebenzisele ukukhusela i-weld.

Le gesi, ekwabizwa ngokuba yigesi yokukhusela xa kudityaniswa i-laser welding, ayisiyonto yokongeza kuphela; yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo. Yenza imisebenzi emithathu engaxoxiswananga emisela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho, amandla kunye nembonakalo yemveliso yakho yokugqibela.

Ikhusela i-Weld:Le gesi incedisayo idala iqamza elikhuselayo elijikeleze isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, lisikhusela kwiigesi zomoya ezifana neoksijini kunye nenitrogen. Ngaphandle kwesi sikhuselo, ufumana iziphene eziyingozi ezifana ne-oxidation (i-weld ebuthathaka, enombala omdaka) kunye ne-porosity (amaqamza amancinci anciphisa amandla).

Iqinisekisa Amandla E-Laser Apheleleyo:Njengoko i-laser ibetha isinyithi, inokwenza "ilifu le-plasma." Eli lifu linokuthintela kwaye lisasaze amandla e-laser, nto leyo ekhokelela kwii-welds ezibuthathaka nezingenzulu. Igesi efanelekileyo ivuthuza le plasma, iqinisekisa ukuba amandla apheleleyo e-laser yakho afikelela kwindawo yokusebenza.

Ikhusela Izixhobo Zakho:Umsinga wegesi ukwathintela umphunga wesinyithi kunye nokuchitheka kwamanzi ukuba kungabhabhi phezulu kuze kungcolise ilensi ebiza kakhulu entloko yakho yelaser, oku kukusindisa kwixesha lokungasebenzi kunye nokulungiswa okubizayo.

Ukukhetha igesi yokukhusela kwi-laser welding: Abachasi abaphambili

Ukukhetha kwakho igesi kuxhomekeke kubadlali abathathu abaphambili: iArgon, iNitrogen, kunye neHelium. Cinga ngabo njengeengcali ezahlukeneyo onokuthi uziqeshe emsebenzini. Ngamnye kubo unamandla awodwa, ubuthathaka, kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokusebenzisa.

I-Argon (Ar): I-All-Rounder ethembekileyo

I-Argon yeyona nto isebenzayo kwihlabathi lokuwelda. Yigesi engasebenziyo, oko kuthetha ukuba ayizukuyiphendula kwidama lokuwelda elinyibilikisiweyo. Ikwanzima kunomoya, ngoko ke ibonelela ngesikhuseli esihle nesizinzileyo ngaphandle kokufuna amazinga aphezulu okuhamba kwamanzi.

Eyona ilungileyo:Uluhlu olukhulu lwezixhobo, kuquka i-aluminium, intsimbi engatyiwayo, kunye neentsimbi ezisabelayo ezifana ne-titanium. Ukuwelda nge-laser ye-Argon yeyona nto ifanelekileyo kwii-fiber lasers kuba inika ukugqitywa kwe-weld ecocekileyo, ekhanyayo, negudileyo.

Ingqwalasela ephambili:Inamandla aphantsi okwenziwa kwe-ionization. Ngee-laser ze-CO₂ ezinamandla aphezulu, inokunceda ekwakhiweni kwe-plasma, kodwa kwiintlobo ezininzi ze-laser yefayibha yanamhlanje, lukhetho olufanelekileyo.

I-Nitrogen (N₂): Imveliso Esebenza Ngexabiso Eliphantsi

I-nitrogen yindlela efanelekileyo yokuhlawula iindleko, kodwa musa ukuvumela ixabiso eliphantsi likulahlekise. Kwindlela efanelekileyo yokusebenzisa, ayisiyo nje ikhaka; ngumthathi-nxaxheba okhutheleyo onokuwuphucula ngokwenene umsonto.

Eyona ilungileyo:Iindidi ezithile zentsimbi engagqwali. Ukusebenzisa i-nitrogen ekudibaniseni nge-laser intsimbi engagqwali kunokusebenza njenge-alloying agent, kuzinzise ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lwentsimbi ukuphucula amandla oomatshini kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.

Ingqwalasela ephambili:I-nitrogen yigesi esabelayo. Ukuyisebenzisa kwizinto ezingalunganga, njenge-titanium okanye ezinye iintsimbi zekhabhoni, yindlela yokusabela kwintlekele. Iya kusabela kwisinyithi kwaye ibangele ukuqhekeka okukhulu, okukhokelela kwi-weld enokwaphuka kwaye ingasebenzi.

IHelium (He): Ingcali yeNtsebenzo ePhakamileyo

IHelium yeyona nkwenkwezi ibiza kakhulu. Ine-thermal conductivity ephezulu kakhulu kunye nekhono eliphezulu kakhulu le-ionization, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yintshatsheli engenakuphikiswa yokunciphisa i-plasma.

Eyona ilungileyo:Ukuwelda okunzulu okufakwe kwizixhobo eziqinileyo okanye ezisebenza ngamandla njenge-aluminium kunye nobhedu. Kwakhona yeyona ndlela ilungileyo kwiilaser ze-CO₂ ezinamandla aphezulu, ezisengozini enkulu yokwakheka kweplasma.

Ingqwalasela ephambili:Ixabiso. I-Helium ibiza kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ilula kakhulu, udinga amazinga aphezulu okuhamba kwamanzi ukuze ufumane isikhuselo esaneleyo, nto leyo eyandisa ngakumbi iindleko zokusebenza.

Uthelekiso lweGesi oluKhawulezayo

Ukhetho lweGesi yokuWelda ngeLaser eSebenzayo: Ukufanisa iGesi neSinyithi

Ithiyori ilungile, kodwa uyisebenzisa njani? Nantsi isikhokelo esithe ngqo sezona zixhobo zixhaphakileyo.

Ukuwelda Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo

Unokukhetha ezimbini ezilungileyo apha. Kwizintsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic neze-duplex, iNitrogen okanye umxube weNitrogen-Argon uhlala ukhethwa kakhulu. Uphucula ulwakhiwo lwe-microstructure kwaye wonyusa amandla e-weld. Ukuba eyona nto iphambili kuwe kukugqiba okucocekileyo ngokugqibeleleyo, okukhanyayo okungenakusebenzisana kweekhemikhali, iArgon ecocekileyo yindlela efanelekileyo.

Ukuwelda iAluminiyam

I-Aluminiyam inzima kuba isusa ubushushu ngokukhawuleza. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi, i-Argon ecocekileyo yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokukhetha ngenxa yokukhusela kwayo okumangalisayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba udibanisa iindawo ezityebileyo (ngaphezulu kwe-3-4 mm), umxube we-Argon-Helium uyatshintsha umdlalo. I-helium inika amandla obushushu afunekayo ukuze kufezekiswe ukungena okunzulu nokungaguquguqukiyo.

Ukuwelda iTitanium

Kukho umthetho omnye kuphela wokuwelda i-titanium: sebenzisa i-Argon ecocekileyo kakhulu. Ungaze usebenzise i-Nitrogen okanye naluphi na umxube wegesi oqulethe iigesi ezisebenzayo. I-Nitrogen iya kusabela kwi-titanium, idale i-titanium nitrides ezenza ukuba i-weld ibe buthathaka kakhulu kwaye imiselwe ukuba ingaphumeleli. Ukukhusela ngokupheleleyo ngegesi elandelanayo nengasemva kukwayimfuneko ukukhusela isinyithi esipholileyo kuyo nayiphi na intsebenziswano nomoya.

Ingcebiso yeNgcali:Abantu badla ngokuzama ukonga imali ngokunciphisa isantya sokuhamba kwegesi, kodwa le yimpazamo eqhelekileyo. Ixabiso le-weld enye engasebenziyo ngenxa ye-oxidation lidlula kakhulu iindleko zokusebenzisa isixa esifanelekileyo segesi yokukhusela. Soloko uqala ngesantya sokuhamba esicetyiswayo kwisicelo sakho uze ulungise ukusuka apho.

Ukusombulula iingxaki zeziphene zokuWelda zeLaser eziqhelekileyo

Ukuba ubona iingxaki kwii-welds zakho, i-assist gas yakho yenye yezinto zokuqala ekufuneka uziphande.

Ukuxinana kunye nokutshintsha kombala:Olu lolona phawu lucacileyo lokuba ukhuseleko alusebenzi kakuhle. Igesi yakho ayikhuseli i-weld kwi-oksijini. Isisombululo sidla ngokuba kukunyusa izinga lokuhamba kwegesi yakho okanye ukujonga i-nozzle yakho kunye nenkqubo yokuhambisa igesi ukuze kujongwe ukuvuza okanye ukuvaleka.

Iimbobo (Amaqamza eGesi):Esi siphene senza buthathaka i-weld ngaphakathi. Ingabangelwa yisantya sokuhamba kwamanzi esiphantsi kakhulu (ukhuseleko olunganelanga) okanye eso siphezulu kakhulu, esinokubangela isiphithiphithi kwaye sitsale umoya ungene edamini le-weld.

Ukungena okungahambelaniyo:Ukuba ubunzulu be-weld yakho bugcwele yonke indawo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ujongene ne-plasma evimba i-laser. Oku kuqhelekile kwi-CO2₂ iileyiza. Isisombululo kukutshintshela kwigesi enoxinzelelo olungcono lweplasma, njengeHelium okanye umxube weHelium-Argon.

Izihloko Eziphambili: Imixube Yegesi kunye Neentlobo ZeLaser

Amandla eMixube yoBuchule

Ngamanye amaxesha, igesi enye ayisebenzi kakuhle. Umxube wegesi usetyenziselwa ukufumana "owona mgangatho uphezulu kuzo zombini iindawo."

I-Argon-Helium (Ar/He):Idibanisa ukhuselo oluhle lweArgon kunye nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokunciphisa iHelium ngeplasma. Ifanelekile kwiiwelds ezinzulu kwi-aluminium.

I-Argon-Hydrogen (Ar/H₂):Inani elincinci le-hydrogen (1-5%) linokusebenza njengesixhobo sokunciphisa intsimbi engagqwaliyo, likhupha ioksijini elahlekileyo ukuze lenze i-weld bead ekhanyayo necocekileyo.

CO₂ ngokuchaseneyoIfayibha: Ukukhetha iLaser Efanelekileyo

Iilaser zeCO₂:Zichaphazeleka kakhulu kukwakheka kweplasma. Yiyo loo nto iHelium ebiza kakhulu ixhaphake kakhulu kwiCO2 enamandla aphezulu.₂ izicelo.

Iilaser zeFayibha:Azinangxaki kangako ngeengxaki zeplasma. Le nzuzo imangalisayo ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise iigesi ezingabizi kakhulu ezifana neArgon kunye neNitrogen kwimisebenzi emininzi ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusebenza kwazo.

Eyona Nto Ibalulekileyo

Ukukhetha igesi yokuncedisa ukuwelda nge-laser yiparameter ebalulekileyo yenkqubo, kungekhona into ecingelwayo emva koko. Ngokuqonda imisebenzi ephambili yokukhusela, ukukhusela i-optics yakho, kunye nokulawula i-plasma, ungenza ukhetho olunolwazi. Soloko ufanisa igesi nezinto ezifunekayo kunye neemfuno ezithile zesicelo sakho.

Ngaba ukulungele ukuphucula inkqubo yakho yokuwelda nge-laser nokususa iziphene ezinxulumene negesi? Jonga ukhetho lwakho lwangoku lwegesi uthelekisa nezi zikhokelo kwaye ubone ukuba utshintsho olulula lungakhokelela ekuphuculeni okukhulu komgangatho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.