Ukucocwa nge-laser yindlela yanamhlanje yokucoca iindawo. Le teknoloji imangalisayo isebenzisa imisebe ye-laser enamandla ukususa ukungcola, ipeyinti endala, kunye nomhlwa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ngendlela elawulwa kakhulu nechanekileyo. I-laser ibetha kwizinto ezingafunekiyo. Xa oku kusenzeka, ukungcola okanye i-coating ijika ibe ngumphunga okanye iqhekeke kumphezulu kuba i-laser iyenza ifudumale kwaye yande ngokukhawuleza. Ukucocwa nge-laser kungcono kwindawo engqongileyo kuneendlela zokucoca zakudala. Le teknoloji inokucoca izinto ngokuchanekileyo ngaphandle kokonakalisa okungaphantsi.
Amashishini amaninzi ahlukeneyo ngoku asebenzisa ukucoca nge-laser ukwenza umsebenzi wawo. Iinkampani ezenza iinqwelomoya, iimoto, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, kwanabantu abalungisa izinto zakudala bafumanise ukuba ii-laser zilungile ekucoceni. Le ndlela isebenza kakuhle kakhulu ekucoceni izixhobo zokwenza amatayara. Abasebenzi bayisebenzisela ukususa ipeyinti kwiinqwelomoya nokucoca ngononophelo iziqwenga zemyuziyam ezindala ezifuna ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo.
Ngaphambi kokucoca nge-laser, abantu babesebenzisa ezinye iindlela ezininzi zokucoca izinto:
1. Ukuqhumisa isanti kudubula iinxalenye ezincinci zesanti ngesantya esiphezulu ukuze kucoceke iindawo. Nangona le ndlela isebenza kakuhle, inokukrwela izinto kwaye idale uthuli olungaphefumliyo.
2. Ukucoca ngeekhemikhali kusebenzisa ulwelo olukhethekileyo ukuqhekeza ukungcola. Ezi khemikhali zingonakalisa okusingqongileyo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zonakalise izinto ezicocwayo.
3. Ukucoca nge-ultrasonic kudala amaqamza amancinci kusetyenziswa amaza esandi ongenakukuva. Le ndlela ithambileyo isebenza kakuhle kwizinto ezincinci nezithambileyo kodwa ayisebenzi ekucoceni izinto ezinkulu.
4. Ukucoca umkhenkce owomileyo kusebenzisa oomatshini abakhethekileyo ukudubula ikharbon diokside eqandisiweyo kwiindawo ezimdaka. Le ndlela ayishiyi ngxaki, kodwa ukusebenzisa izixhobo kubiza imali eninzi.
Ukucoca nge-laser kuneenzuzo ezininzi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokucoca. Ezi mpawu ziluncedo ziyenza ibonakale njengokhetho olungcono kwimisebenzi emininzi yokucoca:
Ukusebenzisa iilaser akuthethi ukuba akukho nto ichukumisa umphezulu ococwayo. Ukukhanya kwelaser kususa ukungcola kunye neengubo ezindala ngaphandle kokukrwela okanye ukonakalisa okungaphantsi, okwenza kube kulungele ukucoca izinto ezixabisekileyo. Le ndlela ayisebenzisi naziphi na iikhemikhali eziyingozi. Ekubeni kungekho nkunkuma iyingozi edaliweyo, ukucoca ngelaser kunceda ukukhusela okusingqongileyo.
Iilaser zinokucoca iindawo ezithile ngokuchanekileyo. Inkqubo yokucoca igcina imali ngokuhamba kwexesha kuba isebenzisa izinto ezimbalwa kwaye ifuna abasebenzi abambalwa ukuze umsebenzi wenziwe.
Zisebenza njani izicoci zelaser? Xa ukukhanya kwelaser kubetha uthuli okanye umhlwa, izinto ezingafunekiyo zifunxa amandla elaser. Oku kwenza uthuli luqhekeke, luguquke lube ngumphunga, okanye lutshise ngokukhawuleza. Abantu abasebenzisa ilaser banokulungisa ukuba inamandla kangakanani kwaye isebenza ixesha elingakanani ukuze bafumane iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokucoca nge-laser:
1. Indlela yokuqala isebenzisa i-laser yodwa. Ukukhanya kwe-laser okukhawulezileyo kubetha umphezulu ongcolileyo, okwenza uthuli lufudumale luze luphume okanye lushukume ngenxa yokungcangcazela okuncinci. Le ndlela isebenza kakuhle kwimisebenzi enzima yokucoca.
2.Eyesibini indlela iqala ngokubeka umaleko omncinci wolwelo phezu komphezulu. Xa i-laser ifika kule ngubo imanzi, iguqula ulwelo lube ngumphunga ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba idala ukuqhuma okuncinci. Olu kuqhuma kuncinci kunceda ukususa uthuli ngaphandle kokulimaza iindawo ezibuthathaka ezinokonakala kukukhanya kwe-laser ngqo.
· Ishishini leetshiphu zekhompyutha kunye nee-elektroniki Ukwenza iitshiphu zekhompyutha kufuna iimeko ezicocekileyo kakhulu. Ukungcola okuncinci kunokonakalisa ezi ndawo zincinci ze-elektroniki, ngoko ke abavelisi basebenzisa ukucoca nge-laser ukususa amasuntswana amancinci ngaphandle kokubangela nawuphi na umonakalo. Oku kunceda ukugcina umgca wemveliso usebenza kakuhle. Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nee-laser ziqinisekisa ukuba yonke indawo icocekile ngokugqibeleleyo, nto leyo enceda iitshiphu zihlale ixesha elide.
· IiLaser zoNyango lweMetal zilungele ukucoca isinyithi. Ngaphambi kokuba abapeyinti okanye abaweldayo bakwazi ukusebenza kwiindawo zesinyithi, kufuneka basuse umhlwa, ukungcola, kunye neengubo ezindala besebenzisa imiqadi yelaser enamandla esusa izinto ezingafunekiyo ngaphandle kokulimaza isinyithi esingaphantsi. Le ndlela isebenza kakuhle kakhulu ekucoceni iinqwelomoya, iimoto kunye neenqanawa, apho ukuba neendawo ezicocekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho.
· Iinkampani zeenqwelo-moya kunye neeMoto Iinqwelo-moya zifuna unonophelo olukhethekileyo xa zicocwa. Ukucoca nge-laser kunceda abasebenzi basuse ngokukhuselekileyo ipeyinti endala kunye nokungcola kwiindawo zeenqwelo-moya ngaphandle kokwenza buthathaka isinyithi, nto leyo enokuba yingozi ukuba yenziwe gwenxa. Ishishini leemoto likwasebenzisa ii-laser ukucoca ii-mold zamatayara, ukwenza ii-welds ezingcono, kunye nokususa ukungcola kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zenjini ngendlela ekhawulezayo nekhuselekileyo.
· Ukugcinwa koBugcisa neMbali Ubugcisa bakudala bufuna ukucocwa ngobunono ukuze buhlale bukwimeko entle. Abasebenzi bemyuziyam basebenzisa iilaser ukususa ngononophelo ukungcola kunye nomonakalo onxulumene nokuguga kwimifanekiso emidala kunye nemifanekiso ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni ukonakala kwezi zinto zixabisekileyo. Le ndlela yokucoca ngononophelo incede ekusindiseni imisebenzi emininzi yakudala enokuba yonakaliswe ziindlela zokucoca eziqatha.
· Iifektri Zomsebenzi Wefektri zisebenzisa ukucoca nge-laser ukugcina oomatshini bazo besebenza kakuhle. Le ndlela yokucoca yanamhlanje inceda ukususa amafutha kunye nokungcola ngokukhawuleza, oko kuthetha ukuba oomatshini akufuneki bahlale becinyiwe ixesha elide ngexesha lokucoca. Abasebenzi banokucoca iindawo ngempumelelo ngakumbi ngee-laser, nto leyo enceda oomatshini ukuba basebenze ngcono kwaye bahlale ixesha elide.
Iteknoloji yokucoca ngeLaser: Iingenelo
Ukucoca nge-laser kutshintsha indlela esicoca ngayo izinto kumashishini amaninzi ahlukeneyo namhlanje. Kusebenzisa imisebe yokukhanya enamandla ukususa ukungcola, umhlwa, kunye nezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo kumphezulu. Le ndlela intsha yokucoca inceda ukukhusela okusingqongileyo ngokungadali nayiphi na inkunkuma eyingozi. Le teknoloji isebenza ngokujolisa ngononophelo kuphela ukungcola ngelixa ishiya umphezulu ukhuselekile ngokupheleleyo.
Iinkampani zingonga imali ngokucoca nge-laser ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukufaka izixhobo kubiza kakhulu ekuqaleni, kodwa amashishini akuyi kufuneka aqhubeke ethenga iikhemikhali zokucoca okanye izinto emva koko. Abasebenzi bahlala bekhuselekile xa besebenzisa ukucoca nge-laser endaweni yeekhemikhali ezinobungozi. Le teknoloji ingasetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo nakwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo, ukusuka ekucoceni izixhobo zefektri ezinzima ukuya ekubuyiseleni umsebenzi wobugcisa omdala.
Imingeni Ukuqalisa ngokucoca nge-laser kunokuba nzima. Oomatshini babiza kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kwiinkampani ezincinci ukuzithenga. Ezinye izinto azisebenzi kakuhle nge-laser, kwaye iinkampani kufuneka zizivavanye kuqala. Abasebenzi bafuna uqeqesho olukhethekileyo ukuze basebenzise izixhobo ngokuchanekileyo. Ukucoca nge-laser kungathatha ixesha elide kuneendlela zokucoca eziqhelekileyo xa usebenza kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu.
Ukujonga Phambili Iinkampani ezininzi zifuna iindlela zokusebenza ezicocekileyo neziluhlaza. Iinkqubo zokucoca nge-laser ezingcono zihlala ziphuhliswa. Uphuculo olutsha luya kwenza itekhnoloji ikhawuleze kwaye ingabizi kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Ezi nkqubo zingasetyenziswa kungekudala kwiindawo ezininzi, njengokucoca izixhobo zonyango okanye ukwenza iindawo ezincinci ze-elektroniki.
Ukuqukumbela Ukucoca nge-laser kunika indlela entsha nengcono yokucoca izinto. Le teknoloji inika iinkampani ulawulo olungakumbi kwaye inceda ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo ngaxeshanye. Nangona kukho iingxaki ezithile ekufuneka zisonjululwe, ukucoca nge-laser kuyaqhubeka nokuba ngcono. Le teknoloji iya kuxhaphaka ngakumbi njengoko amashishini amaninzi efunda ngeenzuzo zayo.
Iinkampani kufuneka zifunde ngokucoca nge-laser ngaphambi kokuba zigqibe ekubeni ziyisebenzise. Njengoko amashishini amaninzi efuna iindlela zokucoca ezichanekileyo nezinobuhlobo nomhlaba, obu buchwephesha buza kuba baluleke ngakumbi. Ukucoca nge-laser kuya kuqhubeka kuphucuka kwaye kufumaneke iindlela ezintsha zokusetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Olu phuculo luya kunceda ekwakheni indlela esicoca ngayo izinto kwixesha elizayo.
Ukucocwa nge-laser yindlela eluncedo yokusebenzisa ii-laser kubunjineli. Le ndlela iphucukileyo isebenza ngokusebenzisa amandla aqinileyo e-laser ukufudumeza ukungcola kunye nezinto ezingafunekiyo kumphezulu, okwenza zahluke kumphezulu ngokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza, ukunyibilika, okanye ukujika zibe yigesi, nto leyo edala isiphumo esinamandla sokucoca esinokuphatha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokungcola kunye nongcoliseko. Ukucocwa nge-laser kuyakhawuleza kwaye akuyonakalisi indalo. Le teknoloji ibonakalise ukuba iluncedo ekucoceni ii-mold zamatayara, ukususa ipeyinti kwiinqwelomoya, kunye nokulungisa izinto ezindala ezifuna ukulungiswa ngononophelo.
Iindlela zokucoca rhoqo ziquka ukukrwela ngokwasemzimbeni njengokugquma isanti kunye nokuhlamba ngoxinzelelo, ukusebenzisa iikhemikhali, ukusebenzisa amaza esandi, kunye nokucoca ngomkhenkce owomileyo. Ezi ndlela zahlukeneyo zokucoca zisetyenziswa kumashishini amaninzi ahlukeneyo namashishini namhlanje. Ukugquma isanti kunokucoca amabala esinyithi, kuthambise imiphetho yesinyithi erhabaxa, kwaye kususe iingubo zokukhusela kwiibhodi zesekethe ngokusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto zokucoca. Ukucoca ngamakhemikhali kusetyenziswa kuyo yonke indawo, ukusuka ekususeni ioyile kunye nokungcola kwizixhobo ukuya ekucoceni okuqokeleleneyo kwiibhoyila kunye nemibhobho yeoyile. Nangona ezi ndlela zokucoca zakudala zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zisetyenziswe ixesha elide, zineengxaki ezithile. Ukugquma isanti kunokonakalisa izinto ezicocwayo, ngelixa ukucoca ngamakhemikhali kunokuba kubi kwindalo kwaye kunokonakalisa umphezulu ocociweyo ukuba akwenziwanga ngokuchanekileyo.
Ukucocwa nge-laser kutshintshe indlela esicoca ngayo izinto ngokupheleleyo. Le ndlela intsha isebenzisa amandla agxile kwi-laser, ukujolisa ngqo, kunye nokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza ukuze kufumaneke iziphumo ezingcono kuneendlela zokucoca zakudala. Ukucocwa nge-laser kusebenza ngcono kakhulu kuneendlela zemveli ngeendlela ezininzi. Xa uthelekisa neendlela zokucoca zakudala ezisebenzisa iikhemikhali, ukucocwa nge-laser akuyi konakalisa okusingqongileyo okanye konakalise umphezulu ococwayo.
Yintoni kanye kanye ukucoca nge-laser?
Xa ubhekisa umqadi welaser kwinto engcolileyo, isusa izinto ezingafunekiyo kwiindawo eziqinileyo okanye ngamanye amaxesha ezingamanzi ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Ukuba usebenzisa umqadi welaser obuthathaka, utshisa ukungcola de kube yigesi kwaye kuntante. Ukusebenzisa umqadi welaser onamandla kuguqula izinto ezingafunekiyo zibe yigesi eshushu kakhulu ebizwa ngokuba yiplasma, eyisusa ngokupheleleyo kumphezulu.
Iintlobo zobuchwepheshe bokucoca nge-laser
1) Ukucoca nge-laser dry: Ukucoca nge-laser dry kuxa i-laser eshukumayo inikwa imitha ngqo ukuze icoce indawo yokusebenza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-substrate okanye izinto ezingcolisayo kumphezulu zifunxe amandla kwaye zinyuke kubushushu, nto leyo ebangela ukwanda kobushushu okanye ukungcangcazela kobushushu kwe-substrate, ngaloo ndlela yahlula ezi zinto zimbini. Le ndlela inokwahlulwahlulwa kabini: enye kukuba izinto ezingcolisayo kumphezulu zifunxa i-laser kwaye zande; enye kukuba i-substrate ifunxa i-laser kwaye ivelise ukungcangcazela kobushushu.
2) Ukucocwa nge-laser emanzi: Ngaphambi kokuba i-laser evuthululweyo ikhanyelwe kwindawo yokusebenza eza kucocwa, ifilimu yolwelo igqunywa kwangaphambili phezu komphezulu. Phantsi kwesenzo se-laser, ubushushu befilimu yolwelo bunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwaye bube ngumphunga. Ngexesha lokufuma, kuvela i-shock wave, esebenza kumasuntswana angcolisayo kwaye ibangele ukuba awe kwi-substrate. Le ndlela ifuna ukuba i-substrate kunye nefilimu yolwelo zingakwazi ukusabela, ngoko ke uluhlu lwezinto ezisetyenziswayo lulinganiselwe.
Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokucoca nge-laser
Masithethe ngokucoca iitships zekhompyutha kunye neendawo zeglasi ezikhethekileyo. Ezi zinto zihamba ngamanyathelo afanayo xa zenziwa, ngokusika nokuthambisa okunokushiya iinxalenye ezincinci zothuli ngasemva. Olu thuli kunzima ukulususa kwaye luhlala lubuya nokuba ulucoca kangaphi. Xa uthuli lufika kwiitships zekhompyutha, aluyi kusebenza kakuhle okanye luhlale ixesha elide. Uhlobo olufanayo lothuli lunokubangela iingxaki xa lufika kwiindawo zeglasi ezikhethekileyo, luzenze zingacaci kwaye ziguge ngokukhawuleza kunokuba kufanele. Ukusebenzisa iilaser ukucoca ezi ndawo kunokuzilimaza ngokulula. Endaweni yoko, abantu baye bafumana impumelelo engcono besebenzisa umxube weendlela zokucoca ngelaser, ingakumbi leyo idala amaza akhethekileyo okutyhala uthuli kude.
1) Intsimi ye-semiconductor
Ukucocwa kwee-wafers ze-semiconductor kunye nee-substrates ze-optical Ii-wafers ze-semiconductor kunye nee-substrates ze-optical zinenkqubo efanayo kwinkqubo yokucubungula, oko kukuthi, izinto eziluhlaza zicutshungulwa zibe yimo efunekayo ngokusika, ukugaya, njl. Kule nkqubo, kungeniswa iincindi ezingcolisayo, ezinzima ukuzisusa kwaye zineengxaki ezinkulu zongcoliseko oluphindaphindeneyo. Izinto ezingcolisayo kumphezulu wee-wafers ze-semiconductor ziya kuchaphazela umgangatho wokuprinta ibhodi yesekethe, ngaloo ndlela zifinyeze ubomi benkonzo yee-chips ze-semiconductor. Izinto ezingcolisayo kumphezulu wee-substrates ze-optical ziya kuchaphazela umgangatho wezixhobo ze-optical kunye neengubo, kwaye zinokubangela amandla angalinganiyo kwaye zifinyeze ubomi benkonzo. Ekubeni ukucoca nge-laser dry kunokubangela umonakalo kumphezulu we-substrate, le ndlela yokucoca ayisetyenziswa rhoqo ekucoceni ii-wafers ze-semiconductor kunye nee-substrates ze-optical. Ukucoca nge-laser kunye nokucoca nge-laser plasma shock wave kunezicelo eziphumelelayo ngakumbi kweli candelo.
2) Intsimi yezinto zesinyithi
Ukucocwa komphezulu wezinto zesinyithi Xa kuthelekiswa nokucocwa kwee-semiconductor wafers kunye ne-optical substrates, izinto ezingcolisayo ezicociweyo ngokucoca umphezulu wezinto zesinyithi ziyinxalenye ye-macroscopic. Izinto ezingcolisayo kumphezulu wezinto zesinyithi ziquka ikakhulu umaleko we-oxide (umaleko we-rust), umaleko wepeyinti, i-coating, ezinye izinto eziqhotyoshelweyo, njl.njl., ezinokwahlulwa zibe zizinto ezingcolisayo eziphilayo (ezifana nomaleko wepeyinti, i-coating) kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo ezingaphiliyo (ezifana nomaleko we-rust) ngokweentlobo zezinto ezingcolisayo. Ukucocwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo kumphezulu wezinto zesinyithi ikakhulu kukufezekisa iimfuno zokucubungula okanye ukusetyenziswa okulandelayo. Umzekelo, ngaphambi kokuwelda iindawo ze-titanium alloy, umaleko we-oxide omalunga ne-10um ubukhulu kumphezulu wezinto kufuneka ususwe. Ngexesha lokulungiswa kweenqwelo-moya, i-coating yokuqala yepeyinti kumphezulu wesikhumba kufuneka isuswe ukuze iphinde itshizwe. Ii-molds zamatayara erabha kufuneka zicocwe rhoqo ngee-particles zerabha ezinamathele kuzo ukuqinisekisa ukucoceka komphezulu kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekiswe umgangatho wamatayara aveliswayo kunye nobomi be-mold. Ixabiso lomonakalo wezinto zesinyithi liphezulu kunomda wokucoca nge-laser wezinto ezingcolisayo kumphezulu wazo. Ngokukhetha i-laser yamandla efanelekileyo, isiphumo esingcono sokucoca sinokufezekiswa.
3) Izinto Eziseleyo Zenkcubeko
Ukucocwa kweeRelics zeNkcubeko kunye neePhepha IiRelics zenkcubeko zesinyithi nelitye zinembali ende, kwaye ukungcola okufana nokungcola kunye namabala e-inki kuya kubonakala kwiindawo zazo. Ezi relics kufuneka zicocwe ukuze kubuyiselwe iiRelics zeNkcubeko. Iphepha elifana ne-calligraphy kunye nopende liya kukhula libumbe kwaye lenze iiplaque kumphezulu walo xa ligcinwe ngendlela engafanelekanga. Ezi plaque zichaphazela kakhulu inkangeleko yokuqala yephepha, ngakumbi kwiphepha elinexabiso eliphezulu lenkcubeko okanye lembali, eliya kuchaphazela ukuxabiseka kunye nokukhuselwa kwalo.
Njengoko iimfuno zabantu zokucoca okuluhlaza, okunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, okuchanekileyo kakhulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle zisanda, uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokucoca i-laser nazo zifumene ingqwalasela ebanzi ngakumbi nangakumbi. Okwangoku, itekhnoloji yokucoca i-laser isetyenzisiwe kwicandelo le-microelectronics, ukuthuthwa koololiwe, ukuhamba ngeenqwelo moya, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zenkcubeko, kodwa isajongene nemingeni emininzi yokuphucula ngakumbi iimeko zayo zokusetyenziswa, ubungakanani kunye nemiphumo. Ngamafutshane, amathuba ophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokucoca i-laser abanzi kakhulu. Iya kusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi kwixesha elizayo, kwaye ngokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye nokwandiswa kwesabelo semarike, ubungakanani bayo kunye nophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso kuya kuphuculwa ngakumbi.
Njengoko iimfuno zabantu zokucoca okuluhlaza, okunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, okuchanekileyo kakhulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle zisanda, uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokucoca i-laser nazo zifumene ingqwalasela ebanzi ngakumbi nangakumbi. Okwangoku, itekhnoloji yokucoca i-laser isetyenzisiwe kwicandelo le-microelectronics, ukuthuthwa koololiwe, ukuhamba ngeenqwelo moya, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zenkcubeko, kodwa isajongene nemingeni emininzi yokuphucula ngakumbi iimeko zayo zokusetyenziswa, ubungakanani kunye nemiphumo. Ngamafutshane, amathuba ophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokucoca i-laser abanzi kakhulu. Iya kusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi kwixesha elizayo, kwaye ngokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye nokwandiswa kwesabelo semarike, ubungakanani bayo kunye nophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso kuya kuphuculwa ngakumbi.
Ixesha leposi: Februwari-13-2025
