Isikhokelo Esipheleleyo Sobuchwephesha Sokuwelda Iintsimbi Ezingenasici NgeLaser Beam

Kwiinjineli, abenzi bolu hlobo, kunye nabaphathi bokusebenza, umngeni uhlala uhleli: indlela yokudibanisa izinto zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ngaphandle kokugoba, ukutshintsha kombala, kunye nokunciphisa ukumelana nokugqwala okuchaphazela iindlela eziqhelekileyo. Isisombululo sesi:ukuwelda nge-laser intsimbi engagqwali, iteknoloji eguqulayo enikezela ngesantya, ukuchaneka, kunye nomgangatho ongenakuthelekiswa nanto ongenakukwazi ukuwelda nge-TIG kunye ne-MIG welding yendabuko.

Ukuwelda nge-laser kusebenzisa ukukhanya okuxineneyo ukunyibilikisa nokudibanisa intsimbi engagqwaliyo ngobushushu obuncinci, obulawulwayo. Le nkqubo iqhutywa ngokuchanekileyo isombulula ngokuthe ngqo iingxaki eziphambili zokuphazamiseka kobushushu kunye nomthamo wokuwelda.

Iingenelo eziphambili zokuWelda ngeLaser ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo:

• Isantya Esingaqhelekanga:Isebenza ngokukhawuleza okuphindwe kane ukuya kwishumi kune-TIG welding, nto leyo enyusa kakhulu imveliso kunye nomthamo wayo.

• Ukuphambuka okuncinci:Ubushushu obujolisiweyo budala indawo encinci kakhulu echaphazeleka bubushushu (HAZ), enciphisa okanye iphelisa ukugoba okukhulu, igcina ukuchaneka kobukhulu benxalenye.

• Umgangatho oPhezulu:Ivelisa ii-welds ezicocekileyo, ezomeleleyo, nezinomtsalane ngobuhle ezifuna ukugaywa okanye ukugqitywa okuncinci okanye okungenamsebenzi emva kokugaywa.

• Iimpawu zezinto ezigciniweyo:Ubushushu obuphantsi bugcina amandla entsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala okubalulekileyo, okuthintela iingxaki ezifana "nokubola kwe-weld".

Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngolwazi olufunekayo ukuze utshintshele ekubeni nolwazi olusisiseko uye ekubeni usebenzise ngokuzithemba, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungasebenzisa ngokupheleleyo amandla ale ndlela yokuvelisa iphucukileyo.

Ukuwelda ngeLaserngokuchasene neendlela zemveli: Uthelekiso oluhambelanayo

Ukukhetha inkqubo yokuwelda efanelekileyo kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yeprojekthi. Nantsi indlela ukuwelda nge-laser kuhambelana ngayo ne-TIG kunye ne-MIG xa kusetyenziswa intsimbi engagqwaliyo.

Ukuwelda ngeLaser vs. Ukuwelda ngeTIG

Ukuwelda kweTungsten Inert Gas (TIG) yaziwa ngokuwelda okusemgangathweni ophezulu, okwenziwe ngesandla kodwa kunzima ukuhambisana nesantya semveliso.

• Isantya kunye nemveliso:Ukuwelda nge-laser kukhawuleza kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza kube lolona khetho lucacileyo lokwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo nezinomthamo omkhulu.

• Ubushushu kunye nokuphambuka:I-TIG arc ngumthombo wobushushu ongasebenzi kakuhle nosasazekileyo odala i-HAZ enkulu, ekhokelela ekuguqulweni okukhulu, ingakumbi kwisinyithi esincinci. Umqadi ogxile kwi-laser uthintela lo monakalo ubanzi wobushushu.

• Ukuzenzekelayo:Iinkqubo zelaser kulula ukuzenza ngokuzenzekelayo, nto leyo evumela imveliso ephezulu, ephindaphindwayo engenamsebenzi kangako kune-TIG.

Ukuwelda ngeLaser vs. Ukuwelda ngeMIG

Ukuwelda kweMetal Inert Gas (MIG) yinkqubo eguquguqukayo nesetyenziswa kakhulu, kodwa ayinazo iindlela zokuchaneka njengelaser.

• Ukuchaneka kunye noMgangatho:Ukuwelda nge-laser yinkqubo engadibaniyo evelisa ukuwelda okucocekileyo, okungenaziphazamiso. Ukuwelda kwe-MIG kunokubangela ukuwelda okudinga ukucocwa emva kokuwelda.

• Ukunyamezelana Kwemisantsa:Ukuwelda kwe-MIG kuyanceda kakhulu xa amalungu engalingani kakuhle kuba ucingo lwayo olusetyenziswayo lusebenza njengesizalisi. Ukuwelda kwelaser kufuna ukulungelelaniswa okuchanekileyo kunye nokunyamezelana okuqinileyo.

• Ubukhulu bezinto:Nangona iileyiza ezinamandla aphezulu zinokuphatha iindawo ezixineneyo, i-MIG idla ngokuba luncedo ngakumbi kwiipleyiti ezinzima kakhulu. Ukuwelda nge-laser kuyagqwesa kwizinto ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi apho ulawulo lokugqwetheka lubalulekile.

Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa ngokujonga nje

Isayensi Engasemva Kwe-Weld: Imigaqo Ephambili Ichaziwe

Ukuqonda indlela i-laser esebenzisana ngayo nentsimbi engagqwaliyo kubalulekile ukuze ukwazi kakuhle le nkqubo. Isebenza ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ezimiselwe bubuninzi bamandla.

Imo yoQhubo vs. Imo yoMngxunya weSikhiye

• Ukuwelda kokuqhuba:Xa amandla engaphantsi, i-laser ifudumeza umphezulu wento, kwaye ubushushu "buqhubela" kuloo ndawo. Oku kudala i-weld enganzulu, ebanzi, negudileyo ngobuhle, efanelekileyo kwizixhobo ezincinci (ngaphantsi kwe-1-2 mm) okanye imithungo ebonakalayo apho imbonakalo ibaluleke kakhulu.

• Ukuwelda komngxuma wesitshixo (Ukungena nzulu):Xa amandla aphezulu (malunga ne-1.5 MW/cm²), i-laser iyayitshisa isinyithi ngoko nangoko, idale umngxuma onzulu nomncinci obizwa ngokuba yi-"keyhole." Le ngxunya yesitshixo ibamba amandla e-laser, iyithumela nzulu kwizinto ukuze ifake i-welds eqinileyo, efikelela ngokupheleleyo kwiindawo ezityebileyo.

I-Continuous Wave (CW) vs. I-Pulsed Lasers

• Amaza Aqhubekayo (CW):Ileza inika amandla angaguqukiyo, angaphazanyiswa. Le ndlela ifanelekile ekudaleni imithungo emide, eqhubekayo ngesantya esiphezulu kwimveliso ezenzekelayo.

• I-Laser etyhalwayo:Ileyiza inika amandla ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza. Le ndlela inika ulawulo oluchanekileyo lokufaka ubushushu, inciphisa i-HAZ kwaye iyenze ilungele ukuwelda izinto ezibuthathaka nezinoburhabaxa okanye ukwenza ii-welds ezidibeneyo ukuze kutywinwe kakuhle.

Isikhokelo seNyathelo ngeNyathelo sokulungiselela ngokungenasiphako

Kwi-laser welding, impumelelo imiselwa ngaphambi kokuba umqadi usebenze. Ukuchaneka kwenkqubo kufuna ukulungiswa ngononophelo.

Inyathelo 1: Uyilo oludibeneyo kunye nokulingana

Ngokungafaniyo nokuwelda kwe-arc, ukuwelda nge-laser akunawo amandla okunyamezela izikhewu okanye ukungalungelelani kakuhle.

• Iintlobo zeManyano:Amalungu empundu ngawona asebenza kakuhle kodwa afuna umsantsa ophantse ube yi-zero (ngokuvamile ungaphantsi kwe-0.1 mm kwiindawo ezincinci). Amalungu empundu alungelelanisa ngakumbi utshintsho lokulingana.

• Ulawulo lweZikhewu:Umsantsa omkhulu uya kuthintela ichibi elincinci elinyibilikisiweyo ukuba lingadibanisi umdibaniso, nto leyo ekhokelela ekudibaneni okungaphelelanga kunye nokuwelda okubuthathaka. Sebenzisa iindlela zokusika ezichanekileyo kunye nokubambelela okuqinileyo ukuqinisekisa ukulungelelana okugqibeleleyo.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Ukucocwa koMphezulu kunye nokususwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo

Amandla amakhulu e-laser aya kutshiza nayiphi na into engcolileyo kumphezulu, ayibambe kwi-weld aze abangele iziphene ezifana nokuvuleka.

• Ucoceko lubalulekile:Umphezulu mawungabi namafutha, igrisi, uthuli kunye neentsalela zeglue.

• Indlela yokucoca:Sula indawo edibeneyo ngelaphu elingena-lint elifakwe kwisinyibilikisi esiguquguqukayo njenge-acetone okanye i-99% isopropyl alcohol ngaphambi nje kokuyidibanisa.

Ubuchule boMshini: Ukuphucula iiParameters zeWelding eziPhambili

Ukufezekisa i-weld egqibeleleyo kufuna ukulinganisela izinto ezahlukeneyo ezidibeneyo.

I-Parameter Triad: Amandla, Isantya, kunye neFocal Position

Ezi setingi zintathu zizonke zimisela igalelo lamandla kunye neprofayili yokuwelda.

• Amandla eLaser (W):Amandla aphezulu avumela ukungena okunzulu kunye nesantya esikhawulezayo. Nangona kunjalo, amandla agqithisileyo anokubangela ukutsha kwezinto ezincinci.

• Isantya sokuWelda (mm/s):Isantya esikhawulezayo sinciphisa ukungena kobushushu kunye nokugqwetheka. Ukuba isantya siphezulu kakhulu kwinqanaba lamandla, sinokubangela ukungena okungaphelelanga.

• Indawo yokugxila:Oku kulungisa ubungakanani bebala lelaser kunye noxinano lwamandla. Ukugxila kumphezulu kudala i-weld enzulu nencinci. Ukugxila ngaphezulu komphezulu (i-defocus elungileyo) kudala i-weld yobuhle ebanzi nenganzulu. Ukugxila ngaphantsi komphezulu (i-defocus engalunganga) kunokuphucula ukungena kwezinto ezixineneyo.

Ukukhethwa kweGesi yokukhusela: iArgon vs. iNitrogen

Igesi yokukhusela ikhusela ichibi lokuwelda elinyibilikisiweyo ekungcolisweni komoya kwaye izinzisa inkqubo.

• I-Argon (Ar):Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokukhetha, inika ukhuseleko oluhle kwaye ivelisa ii-welds ezizinzileyo nezicocekileyo.

• I-nitrogen (N2):Ihlala ikhethwa kwintsimbi engagqwaliyo, kuba inokuphucula ukumelana nokugqwala kwejoyinti yokugqibela.

• Umgangatho wohambo:Isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi kufuneka siphuculwe. Okuncinci kakhulu kuya kusilela ukukhusela i-weld, ngelixa okuninzi kakhulu kunokubangela i-turbulence kunye nokutsala ukungcola. Isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi seelitha ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-25 ngomzuzu (L/min) luluhlu oluqhelekileyo lokuqala.

Amanqaku okuQala eParameter: Itheyibhile yokuBhekisela

Ezi zilandelayo ziindawo zokuqala zokuwelda intsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic 304/316. Soloko usenza uvavanyo kwizinto ezilahliweyo ukuze ulungelelanise isicelo sakho.

Ulawulo Lomgangatho: Isikhokelo Sokusombulula Iingxaki Kwiziphene Eziqhelekileyo

Nokuba inkqubo icwangcisiwe, iziphene zinokwenzeka. Ukuqonda unobangela wazo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuthinteleni.

Ukuchonga Iziphene Eziqhelekileyo Zokuwelda NgeLaser

• Ukuvuleka kwemingxuma:Amaqamza amancinci egesi abanjwe kwi-weld, adla ngokubangelwa kukungcola komphezulu okanye ukuhamba kwegesi okungafanelekanga.

• Ukuqhekeka Okushushu:Iimfanta eziphakathi ezithi ziqine njengoko i-weld iqina, ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yokwakheka kwezinto okanye uxinzelelo oluphezulu lobushushu.

• Ukungena okungaphelelanga:I-weld ayiphumeleli ukudibana nobunzulu bonke bejoyinti, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yamandla angonelanga okanye isantya esigqithisileyo.

• Ukunqunyulwa okungaphantsi:Umjelo onyibilike kwisinyithi esisisiseko esisecaleni kwe-weld, odla ngokubangelwa yisantya esiphezulu okanye umsantsa omkhulu.

• I-Spatter:Amathontsi anyibilikisiweyo aphuma kwidama lokuwelda, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yobuninzi bamandla okanye ungcoliseko lomphezulu.

Itshathi yokusombulula iingxaki: Izizathu kunye nezisombululo

Amanyathelo Okugqibela: Ukucocwa Emva Kokushintshwa Kweentsimbi kunye Nokuthambisa Izandla

Inkqubo yokuwelda yonakalisa kanye iimpawu ezenza intsimbi engagqwaliyo "ingabi yintsimbi." Ukuzibuyisela kwakhona linyathelo lokugqibela eliyimfuneko.

Kutheni Ungenakukwazi Ukulibazisa Unyango Emva Kokushintshwa Kweentsimbi

Ubushushu obuvela kwi-welding butshabalalisa umaleko ongabonakaliyo, okhuselayo we-chromium-oxide kumphezulu wentsimbi. Oku kushiya i-weld kunye ne-HAZ ejikelezileyo zisengozini yokugqwala nokubola.

Iindlela zokuPhumla zichaziwe

I-Passivation lunyango lweekhemikhali olususa ungcoliseko lomphezulu kwaye lunceda ekulungiseni umaleko oqinileyo, ofanayo we-chromium-oxide.

• Ukuqhola ngeekhemikhali:Indlela yendabuko yokusebenzisa ii-asidi eziyingozi ezifana ne-nitric kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid ukucoca nokuthambisa umphezulu.

• Ukucoca nge-Electrochemical:Indlela yanamhlanje, ekhuselekileyo, nekhawulezayo esebenzisa ulwelo oluthambileyo lwe-electrolytic kunye nomsinga we-voltage ephantsi ukucoca nokudlulisa i-weld kwinqanaba elinye.

Ukhuseleko Kuqala: Amanyathelo Abalulekileyo Okuzikhusela Kwi-Laser Welding

Indlela enamandla aphezulu yokufakelwa kwe-laser ibangela iingozi ezinkulu emsebenzini ezifuna imigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko.

Ingozi Efihliweyo: Umsi weChromium (Cr(VI)) oneHexavalent

Xa intsimbi engagqwaliyo ifudunyezwa ukuya kumaqondo obushushu okuwelda, i-chromium ekwi-alloy inokwenza i-chromium ene-hexavalent (Cr(VI)), eba nomoya xa ivutha.

• Iingozi zeMpilo:I-Cr(VI) yingozi eyaziwayo ebantwini enxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza wemiphunga. Inokubangela ukurhawuzelelwa kakhulu kukuphefumla, ulusu, kunye namehlo.

• Imida yokuvezwa:I-OSHA imisela uMda oQinisekisiweyo woKutyhileka oVumelekileyo (i-PEL) we-5 micrograms nge-cubic meter yomoya (5 µg/m³) kwi-Cr(VI).

Amanyathelo Okhuseleko Abalulekileyo

• Ulawulo loBunjineli:Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokukhusela abasebenzi kukuyibamba ingozi apho isuka khona.inkqubo yokukhupha umsiIsihluzi se-HEPA esinamanqanaba amaninzi sibalulekile ukuze kubanjwe amasuntswana athambileyo kakhulu aveliswa yi-laser welding.

• Izixhobo zokuzikhusela zobuqu (i-PPE):Bonke abasebenzi kuloo ndawo kufuneka banxibe iiglasi zokhuseleko zelaser ezilinganiswe ngokwe-wavelength ethile yelaser. Ukuba ukukhupha umsi akunakunciphisa ukuvezwa ngaphantsi kwe-PEL, kufuneka izixhobo zokuphefumla ezivunyiweyo. Umsebenzi wokuwelda kufuneka wenziwe kwindawo evalekileyo engenakukhanya eneziqhoboshi zokhuseleko ukuthintela ukuvezwa ngengozi.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo)

Yeyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa i-laser yokuwelda intsimbi engagqwali?

Iilaser zefayibha ngokubanzi zezona zilungileyo ngenxa yobude bazo obufutshane, obufunxwa lula yintsimbi engagqwaliyo, kunye nomgangatho wazo ogqwesileyo womqadi wokulawula ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngaba ningakwazi ukuwelda nge-laser ubukhulu obahlukeneyo bentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye?

Ewe, ukuwelda nge-laser kusebenza kakhulu ekudibaniseni ubukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye nokuguquguquka okuncinci kwaye akukho kutsha kwinxalenye encinci, umsebenzi onzima kakhulu ngokuwelda nge-TIG.

Ingaba intambo yokuzalisa iyimfuneko ekuwelding nge-laser intsimbi engagqwali?

Amaxesha amaninzi, akunjalo. Ukuwelda nge-laser kunokuvelisa ukuwelda okuqinileyo, okungenayo yonke into ngaphandle kwezinto zokuzalisa (ngokuzenzekelayo), nto leyo eyenza lula inkqubo. Ucingo lokuzalisa lusetyenziswa xa uyilo lwejoyinti lunesithuba esikhulu okanye xa kufuneka iimpawu ezithile ze-metallurgical.

Bungakanani ubukhulu obukhulu bentsimbi engatyiwayo enokudityaniswa nge-laser?

Ngeenkqubo ezinamandla aphezulu, kunokwenzeka ukushisela intsimbi engagqwaliyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1/4″ (6mm) okanye nangakumbi ngokujiya ngephasi enye. Iinkqubo ze-hybrid laser-arc zinokushisela amacandelo angaphezu kwe-intshi enye ubukhulu.

Isiphelo

Iingenelo ze-laser welding ngesantya, ukuchaneka, kunye nomgangatho zenza ukuba ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwimveliso yanamhlanje yentsimbi engagqwaliyo. Ivelisa amalungu aqinileyo, acocekileyo kunye nokugqwetheka okuncinci, okugcina ukuthembeka kunye nenkangeleko yento.

Nangona kunjalo, ukufezekisa ezi ziphumo zibalaseleyo kuxhomekeke kwindlela epheleleyo. Impumelelo sisiphumo sekhonkco lokuvelisa elichanekileyo kakhulu—ukusuka ekulungiseleleni ngokubambisana ngononophelo kunye nolawulo olucwangcisiweyo lweeparameter ukuya ekungashukumiyo emva kokuwelda kunye nokuzibophelela okungagungqiyo kukhuseleko. Ngokuyila le nkqubo, ungavula inqanaba elitsha lokusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho kwimisebenzi yakho.