Isikhokelo esipheleleyo se-Aluminium yokusika i-Laser

Ngaba ujonge ukwenza iindawo ze-aluminiyam ezichanekileyo nezintsonkothileyo ezinesiphelo esigqibeleleyo? Ukuba udiniwe yimida kunye nokucoca okwesibini okufunekayo kwiindlela zemveli zokusika, ukusika nge-laser kusenokuba sisisombululo esiphambili osifunayo. Le teknoloji itshintshe ukwenziwa kwesinyithi, kodwa i-aluminiyam inemingeni eyahlukileyo ngenxa yendalo yayo yokubonakalisa ukukhanya kunye nokuqhuba kwayo ubushushu obuphezulu.

Kule khokelo, siza kuhlola yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga ne-aluminiyam yokusika nge-laser. Siza kuhlalutya indlela esebenza ngayo le nkqubo, iingenelo eziphambili, indlela yokusebenza inyathelo ngenyathelo ukusuka kuyilo ukuya kwinxalenye egqityiweyo, kunye nezixhobo ezibalulekileyo ozifunayo. Siza kugubungela nemingeni yobugcisa kunye nendlela yokuyoyisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba unako ukufikelela kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo ngalo lonke ixesha.

Yintoni i-Aluminium yokusika iLaser kwaye isebenza njani?

Ukusika nge-laser yinkqubo yobushushu engadibaniyo esebenzisa ukukhanya okuxineneyo kakhulu ukusika izinto ngokuchanekileyo okumangalisayo. Eyona nto iphambili, le nkqubo yintsebenziswano epheleleyo phakathi kwamandla agxileyo kunye nokuchaneka koomatshini.

• Inkqubo Engundoqo:Inkqubo iqala xa ijenereyitha yelaser idala ukukhanya okunamandla nokudibeneyo. Lo mqadi ukhokelwa zizibuko okanye intambo ye-fiber optic ukuya kwintloko yokusika yomatshini. Apho, ilensi ijolisa umqadi wonke kwindawo enye, encinci kumphezulu we-aluminiyam. Olu xinzelelo lwamandla lufudumeza isinyithi ngoko nangoko ngaphaya komqadi waso wokunyibilika (660.3∘C / 1220.5∘F), nto leyo ebangela ukuba izinto ezikwindlela yomqadi zinyibilike kwaye zibe ngumphunga.

• Indima yeGesi yoNcedo:Njengoko i-laser inyibilikisa i-aluminiyam, i-jet yoxinzelelo oluphezulu yegesi yokuncedisa idutyulwa nge-nozzle efanayo. Kwi-aluminiyam, le phantse isoloko iyi-nitrogen ecocekileyo kakhulu. Le jet yegesi inemisebenzi emibini: okokuqala, ivuthuza ngamandla isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo siphume kwindlela esikiweyo (i-kerf), ithintela ukuba singaqini kwakhona kwaye ishiye umphetho ococekileyo, ongenamalahle. Okwesibini, ipholisa indawo ejikeleze i-cut, nto leyo enciphisa ukugqwetheka kobushushu.

• Iiparameters eziphambili zempumelelo:Ukunciphisa umgangatho kubangelwa kukulinganisela izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo:

  • Amandla eLaser (iiWatts):Imisela ukuba ingakanani amandla aziswayo. Kufuneka amandla angakumbi kwizinto ezityebileyo okanye isantya esikhawulezayo.

  • Isantya sokusika:Isantya apho intloko yokusika ihamba khona. Oku kufuneka kuhambelane ngokugqibeleleyo namandla ukuqinisekisa ukusika okupheleleyo nokucocekileyo ngaphandle kokutshisa kakhulu izinto.

  • Umgangatho womqadi:Ibhekisa kwindlela umqadi onokugxilwa ngayo ngokuqinileyo. Umqadi osemgangathweni ophezulu ubalulekile ekugxiliseni amandla ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ekusikeni izinto ezikhanyayo ezifana ne-aluminium.

Iingenelo eziphambili ze-laser Cutting Aluminium

Ukukhetha ukusebenzisa i-aluminiyam enqunyulwe nge-laser kunika iingenelo ezibalulekileyo kuneendlela zakudala ezifana ne-plasma okanye ukusika ngoomatshini. Iingenelo eziphambili ziwela kwiindidi ezintathu: umgangatho, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto.

• Ukuchaneka kunye noMgangatho:Ukusikwa kwelaser kuchazwa ngokuchaneka kwayo. Ingavelisa iindawo ezinobunzima obuqinileyo, rhoqo ngaphakathi kwe-±0.1 mm (±0.005 intshi), okuvumela ukudalwa kwejometri ezintsonkothileyo nezintsonkothileyo. Imiphetho ephumayo igudile, ibukhali, kwaye ayinayo i-burr, nto leyo edla ngokuphelisa isidingo samanyathelo okugqiba athatha ixesha kwaye abiza kakhulu njengokususa i-burr okanye ukugquma.

• Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nesantya: Izisiki zeLaserzikhawuleza kwaye zisebenza kakuhle ngendlela emangalisayo. I-kerf emxinwa (ububanzi obunqunyiweyo) ithetha ukuba iindawo zinokubekwa kufutshane kakhulu kwiphepha le-aluminium, nto leyo eyenza ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kube lula kwaye kuncitshiswe kakhulu inkunkuma yezinto ezilahliweyo. Ezi zinto kunye nokonga ixesha kwenza le nkqubo ibe nexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kwi-prototyping nakwimveliso enkulu.

• Umonakalo omncinci wobushushu:Inzuzo enkulu yindawo encinci kakhulu echaphazelekileyo bubushushu (HAZ). Ngenxa yokuba amandla elaser agxile kakhulu kwaye ahamba ngokukhawuleza, ubushushu abunaxesha lokusasazeka kwizinto ezijikelezileyo. Oku kugcina ubushushu kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo se-aluminiyam ukuya kuthi ga kumphetho wokusika, nto leyo ibalulekileyo kwizinto ezisebenza kakuhle. Kwakhona kunciphisa umngcipheko wokugoba kunye nokuphambuka, ingakumbi kwiishiti ezincinci.

Inkqubo Yokusika I-Laser: Isikhokelo Senyathelo Ngenyathelo

Ukuguqula ifayile yedijithali ibe yinxalenye ye-aluminium ebonakalayo kulandela indlela ecacileyo necwangcisiweyo yokusebenza.

1. Uyilo kunye noLungiselelo:Inkqubo iqala ngoyilo lwedijithali lwe-2D olwenziwe kwisoftware ye-CAD (njenge-AutoCAD okanye i-SolidWorks). Le fayile iyalela iindlela ezichanekileyo zokusika. Kweli nqanaba, i-alloy ye-aluminium echanekileyo (umz., i-6061 yamandla, i-5052 yakha) kunye nobukhulu kukhethwa kwisicelo.

2. Ukuseta oomatshini:Umqhubi ubeka iphepha elicocekileyo le-aluminiyam phezu kwebhedi yomsiki we-laser. Umatshini okhethwayo phantse uhlala uyi-fiber laser, njengoko isebenza kakhulu kwi-aluminiyam kune-CO2 lasers ezindala. Umqhubi uqinisekisa ukuba ilensi egxile kuyo icocekile kwaye inkqubo yokukhupha umsi iyasebenza.

3. Ulawulo Lokusebenza Nomgangatho:Ifayile yeCAD ilayishiwe, kwaye umqhubi ufaka iiparameter zokusika (amandla, isantya, uxinzelelo lwegesi). Inyathelo elibalulekileyo kukwenzaukusika uvavanyokwisiqwenga sesilayidi. Oku kuvumela ukulungiswa kakuhle kwezicwangciso ukuze kufezekiswe umda ogqibeleleyo, ongenamalahle ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe umsebenzi opheleleyo. Emva koko ukusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo kwemveliso kuhlolwa ukuba ihambelana kangakanani.

4. Ukucutshungulwa emva kokwenziwa:Emva kokusikwa, iindawo ziyasuswa ephepheni. Ngenxa yomgangatho ophezulu wokusikwa nge-laser, ukucutshungulwa emva kokulungiswa kudla ngokuba kuncinci. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zokugqibela, inxalenye ingadinga ukucocwa kancinci okanye ukucocwa, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, ilungele ukusetyenziswa ngoko nangoko.

Imingeni yoBugcisa kunye neZisombululo

Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ze-aluminium zinemiqobo embalwa yobugcisa, kodwa ubuchwepheshe banamhlanje bunezisombululo ezisebenzayo kuzo zonke.

• Ukubonakalisa Okuphezulu:I-aluminium ibonakalisa ukukhanya ngokwemvelo, nto leyo eyayisenza kube nzima ukuyisika ngee-laser ze-CO2 ngokwembali.

  Isisombululo:Iilaser zefayibha zanamhlanje zisebenzisa ubude bokukhanya obufutshane obufunxwa yi-aluminium ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo eyenza inkqubo ihlale izinzile kwaye ithembeke.

• Ukuqhuba okuphezulu kobushushu:I-aluminiyam ichitha ubushushu ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ukuba amandla awafiki ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo, ubushushu buyasasazeka endaweni yokusikwa, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziphumo ezimbi.

  Isisombululo:Sebenzisa umqadi welaser onamandla aphezulu, ogxile ngokuqinileyo ukuze upompe amandla kwizinto ngokukhawuleza kunokuba unokuzihambisa kude.

• Umaleko weOxide:I-aluminiyam yakha ngoko nangoko umaleko oqinileyo nocacileyo we-aluminiyam oxide phezu komphezulu wayo. Olu maleko luneqondo lokunyibilika eliphezulu kakhulu kune-aluminiyam ngokwayo.

  Isisombululo:Ileser kufuneka ibe namandla aneleyo ukuze "igqobhoze" olu maleko lukhuselayo ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukusika isinyithi esingaphantsi.

Ukukhetha Izixhobo Ezifanelekileyo: I-Fiber vs. I-CO2 Lasers

Nangona zombini ezi ntlobo ze-laser zikho, enye yeyona iphumeleleyo kwi-aluminium.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo)

Ingakanani ubukhulu bephepha le-aluminiyam elinokunqunyulwa nge-laser?Oku kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumandla okusika i-laser. Umatshini onamandla aphantsi (1-2kW) unokusingatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4-6mm ngokufanelekileyo. Iilaser zefayibha zoshishino ezinamandla aphezulu (6kW, 12kW, okanye nangaphezulu) zinokusika i-aluminium ecocekileyo enobukhulu obuyi-25mm (1 intshi) okanye ngaphezulu.

Kutheni igesi ye-nitrogen ibalulekile ekusikeni i-aluminium?I-nitrogen yigesi engasebenziyo, oko kuthetha ukuba ayisebenzi kwi-aluminium enyibilikisiweyo. Ukusebenzisa umoya ocinezelweyo okanye i-oxygen kunokubangela ukuba umphetho oshushu osikiweyo unyibilike, kushiye ukugqitywa okurhabaxa, okumnyama, nokungasetyenziswa. Indima ye-nitrogen yeyoomatshini kuphela: ivuthuza isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ngokucocekileyo kwaye ikhusela umphetho oshushu kwi-oxygen, nto leyo ephumela kukugqitywa okukhanyayo nokukhazimlayo okufanelekileyo ekudibaniseni.

Ngaba i-aluminiyam yokusika nge-laser iyingozi?Ewe, ukusebenzisa nayiphi na i-industrial laser cutter kufuna imigaqo yokhuseleko engqongqo. Iingozi eziphambili ziquka:

• Umonakalo Wamehlo Nolusu:Iilaser zemizi-mveliso (iKlasi 4) zinokubangela umonakalo weliso okhawulezileyo nohlala uhleli ovela kumqadi othe ngqo okanye obonakalisiweyo.

• Umsi:Le nkqubo idala uthuli lwe-aluminium oluyingozi olumele lubanjwe yinkqubo yokungenisa umoya kunye nokucoca.

• Umlilo:Ubushushu obunamandla bunokuba ngumthombo wokutsha.

Ukunciphisa le mingcipheko, oomatshini banamhlanje bavalelwe ngokupheleleyo ngeefestile zokujonga ezikhuselekileyo nge-laser, kwaye abaqhubi kufuneka basebenzise izixhobo zokuzikhusela zobuqu (PPE) ezifanelekileyo, kuquka neeglasi zokhuseleko ezilinganiswe ngokwe-wavelength ethile ye-laser.

Isiphelo

Ukuqukumbela, ukusika nge-laser ngoku lolona khetho luphezulu lokwenza iindawo ze-aluminiyam xa ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho kubaluleke kakhulu. Ii-laser zefayibha zanamhlanje zilungise iingxaki ezindala, zenza inkqubo ikhawuleze kwaye ithembeke ngakumbi. Zibonelela ngokuchaneka okukhulu kunye nemiphetho egudileyo edla ngokufuna umsebenzi omncinci okanye ongeyongezelelweyo. Ngaphezu koko, azibangeli monakalo mkhulu kubushushu, zigcina i-aluminiyam iqinile.

Nangona ubuchwepheshe buqinile, iziphumo ezilungileyo zivela ekusebenziseni izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nabaqhubi abanobuchule. Ukulungisa useto olufana namandla, isantya, kunye noxinzelelo lwegesi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqhuba ukusika uvavanyo kunye nokulungisa umatshini kunceda abenzi bomatshini bafumane iziphumo ezilungileyo. Ngale ndlela, banokwenza iindawo ze-aluminium ezigqibeleleyo kuyo nayiphi na indlela.