IsiKhokelo esiGqibeleleyo seAluminiyam yokusika iLaser

Ngaba ujonge ukwenza iindawo ezichanekileyo, ezintsonkothileyo ze-aluminiyam ezinesiphelo esingenasiphako? Ukuba udiniwe yimida kunye nokucocwa kwesibini okufunwa ziindlela zokusika zemveli, ukusika kwe-laser kunokuba sisisombululo esiphambili osidingayo. Le teknoloji iye yaguqula ukwenziwa kwesinyithi, kodwa i-aluminiyam inika imiceli mngeni ekhethekileyo ngenxa yendalo yayo ebonakalisayo kunye ne-thermal conductivity ephezulu.

Kwesi sikhokelo, siya kuphonononga yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi malunga ne-laser yokusika i-aluminium. Siza kucazulula indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo, izibonelelo eziphambili, ukuhamba kwenyathelo ngenyathelo ukusuka kuyilo ukuya kwindawo egqityiweyo, kunye nezixhobo ezibalulekileyo ozidingayo. Siza kujongana nemiceli mngeni yobugcisa kunye nendlela yokuyoyisa, siqinisekisa ukuba unokufezekisa ukusikwa okugqibeleleyo ngalo lonke ixesha.

Yintoni iAluminiyam yokusika iLaser kwaye isebenza njani?

Ukusika i-Laser yinkqubo yokushisa engadibanisiyo esebenzisa umqadi ogxininiswe kakhulu wokukhanya ukusika izixhobo ngokuchaneka okumangalisayo. Kwisiseko sayo, inkqubo yintsebenziswano egqibeleleyo phakathi kwamandla agxilileyo kunye nokuchaneka komatshini.

• Inkqubo enguNdoqo:Inkqubo iqala xa i-laser generator idala ukukhanya okunamandla, okuhambelanayo. Lo mqadi ukhokelwa ngezibuko okanye intambo yefiber optic ukuya kwintloko yokusika umatshini. Apho, i-lens ijolisa umqadi wonke kwindawo enye, enomkroskopu kumphezulu we-aluminiyam. Olu xinzelelo lwamandla lufudumeza ngoko nangoko intsimbi idlule kwindawo yaso yokunyibilika (660.3∘C / 1220.5∘F), ibangela ukuba izinto ezikwindlela yentsimbi zinyibilike kwaye zibe ngumphunga.

• Indima yoNcedo lwerhasi:Njengoko i-laser inyibilikisa i-aluminium, i-jet yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegesi yokuncedisa ikhutshwa nge-nozzle efanayo. Kwi-aluminiyam, le nto iphantse ihlale i-nitrogen ephezulu. Le jethi yerhasi inemisebenzi emibini: eyokuqala, ivuthela ngamandla isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo siphume kwindlela esikiweyo (i-kerf), siyithintele ekuqiniseni kwakhona kwaye sishiye ingqayi ecocekileyo, engenankunkuma. Okwesibini, ipholisa indawo ejikeleze ukusikwa, okunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kobushushu.

• Iiparamitha eziphambili zeMpumelelo:Ukusikwa komgangatho sisiphumo sokulungelelanisa izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo:

  • Amandla eLaser (Watts):Imisela ukuba angakanani amandla ahanjiswayo. Amandla amaninzi ayafuneka kwizinto ezityebileyo okanye isantya esikhawulezayo.

  • Isantya sokusika:Ireyithi ehamba ngayo intloko yokusika. Oku kufuneka kuhambelane ngokugqibeleleyo namandla okuqinisekisa ukusika okupheleleyo, okucocekileyo ngaphandle kokutshisa izinto.

  • Umgangatho weBeam:Ibhekisa kwindlela umqadi onokugxininiswa ngayo ngokuqinileyo. Umqadi okumgangatho ophezulu ubalulekile ekugxininiseni amandla ngokufanelekileyo, okubaluleke kakhulu ekusikeni imathiriyeli ekhanyayo njenge-aluminiyam.

IiNzuzo eziphambili zeLaser Cutting Aluminium

Ukukhetha i-aluminiyam yokusika i-laser ibonelela ngezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo kwiindlela zakudala ezifana neplasma okanye ukusika oomatshini. Iinzuzo eziphambili ziwela kwiindidi ezintathu: umgangatho, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto eziphathekayo.

• Ukuchaneka kunye noMgangatho:Ukusika kweLaser kuchazwa ngokuchaneka kwayo. Inokuvelisa iindawo ezinokunyamezelana okuqinileyo, rhoqo ngaphakathi kwe-±0.1 mm (±0.005 intshi), ivumela ukuyilwa kweejometri ezintsonkothileyo nezintsonkothileyo. Imiphetho ephumayo igudileyo, ibukhali, kwaye ayina-burr, nto leyo ehlala isusa isidingo sokutya ixesha kunye neendleko zokugqibezela amanyathelo okwesibini afana nokukhupha okanye ukugalela isanti.

• Ukusebenza kunye nesantya: Abasiki beLaserzikhawuleza ngokumangalisayo kwaye zisebenza kakuhle. I-kerf emxinwa (ububanzi obusikiweyo) ithetha ukuba iindawo "zinokwakhiwa" ngokusondelene kakhulu kwiphepha le-aluminiyam, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu inkunkuma yenkunkuma. Esi sixhobo kunye nokugcinwa kwexesha kwenza inkqubo ingabizi kakhulu kuzo zombini iiprototyping kunye nemveliso enkulu.

• Ubushushu obuncinane bomonakalo:Inzuzo enkulu yindawo encinci echatshazelwe bubushushu (HAZ). Ngenxa yokuba amandla e-laser agxininise kwaye ahamba ngokukhawuleza, ubushushu abukho ixesha lokusasazeka kwizinto ezijikelezileyo. Oku kugcina umsindo kunye nokunyaniseka kwesakhiwo se-aluminium ukuya kwinqanaba lokusikwa, okubalulekileyo kumacandelo asebenza kakhulu. Kwakhona kunciphisa umngcipheko wokulwa kunye nokuphazamiseka, ngakumbi kumaphepha amancinci.

Inkqubo yokusika iLaser: ISikhokelo seNyathelo neNyathelo

Ukuguqula ifayile yedijithali kwinxalenye ye-aluminium yomzimba ilandela ukuhamba okucacileyo, okucwangcisiweyo.

1. Uyilo kunye noLungiselelo:Inkqubo iqala ngoyilo lwedijithali lwe-2D olwenziwe kwi-software ye-CAD (njenge-AutoCAD okanye i-SolidWorks). Le fayile ichaza iindlela zokusika ezichanekileyo. Kweli nqanaba, i-alloy ye-aluminium echanekileyo (umzekelo, i-6061 yamandla, i-5052 ye-formability) kunye nobukhulu bukhethiweyo kwisicelo.

2. Ukuseta oomatshini:Umsebenzisi ubeka iphepha elicocekileyo le-aluminiyam phezu kwebhedi yomsiki welaser. Umatshini okhethwayo phantse usoloko uyilaser yefiber, njengoko isebenza kakhulu kwialuminiyam kunee-CO2 lasers ezindala. Umsebenzisi uqinisekisa ukuba i-lens yokugxila icocekile kwaye inkqubo yokukhupha umsi iyasebenza.

3. Ukwenziwa kunye noLawulo loMgangatho:Ifayile yeCAD ilayishiwe, kwaye umqhubi ufaka iiparitha zokusika (amandla, isantya, uxinzelelo lwegesi). Inyathelo elibalulekileyo kukwenza atest cutkwisiqwenga esilahliweyo. Oku kuvumela ukulungiswa kakuhle kwesetingi ukufezekisa umphetho ogqibeleleyo, ongenazo inkunkuma ngaphambi kokuba usebenze ngokupheleleyo. Ukuqhutywa kwemveliso ezenzekelayo emva koko kujongwe ukuhambelana.

4. Emva kokwenziwa komsebenzi:Emva kokusika, iindawo ziyasuswa kwiphepha. Ngombulelo kumgangatho ophakamileyo wokusikwa kwe-laser, ukusetyenzwa kwangemva kuncinci. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zokugqibela, inxalenye inokufuna ukucima ukukhanya okanye ukucocwa, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, ilungele ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza.

Imingeni yobuGcisa kunye nezisombululo

Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zeAluminiyam zibonakalisa imiqobo embalwa yobugcisa, kodwa iteknoloji yanamhlanje inezisombululo ezisebenzayo nganye.

• UkuJonga okuPhezulu:Ialuminiyam ngokwendalo ibonakalisa ukukhanya, okwathi ngokwembali yenza kwanzima ukusika ngeelaser zeCO2.

  Isisombululo:Iilaser zefiber zanamhlanje zisebenzisa ubude obufutshane bokukhanya obufunxwa ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi yi-aluminiyam, yenze inkqubo izinze kwaye ithembekile.

• I-High Thermal Conductivity:I-aluminiyam ikhupha ubushushu ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba amandla akahanjiswa ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo, ubushushu bunwenwela endaweni yokusika, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziphumo ezibi.

  Isisombululo:Sebenzisa amandla aphezulu, umqa welaser ogxininise ngokuqinileyo ukumpompa amandla kwimathiriyeli ngokukhawuleza kunokuba unokuwahambisa kude.

• Uluhlu lweOxide:Ialuminiyam ngoko nangoko yenza umaleko oqinileyo, ocacileyo we-aluminiyam oxide kumphezulu wayo. Lo maleko unendawo yokunyibilika ephezulu kakhulu kune-aluminiyam ngokwayo.

  Isisombululo:Ilaser kufuneka ibe noxinano lwamandla olwaneleyo ukuze "igqobhoze" kulo maleko okhuselayo ngaphambi kokuba iqalise ukusika isinyithi ngaphantsi.

Ukukhetha iSixhobo esiLungileyo: I-Fiber vs. CO2 Lasers

Ngelixa zombini iintlobo ze-laser zikhona, omnye ngoyena uphumeleleyo ocacileyo wealuminiyam.

Ii-FAQ (imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo)

Ubungqingqwa bephepha le-aluminiyam bunokusikwa ngelaser?Oku kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumandla we-laser cutter. Umatshini onamandla asezantsi (1-2kW) unokuphatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4-6mm ngokufanelekileyo. Iilaser zefayibha zamandla aphezulu (6kW, 12kW, nangaphezulu) zinokusika ngokucocekileyo ialuminiyam eyi-25mm (i-intshi e-1) ubukhulu okanye ngaphezulu.

Kutheni igesi yenitrogen ibalulekile ekusikeni ialuminiyam?I-nitrojeni yigesi engasebenziyo, okuthetha ukuba ayisebenzi kunye ne-aluminiyam etyhidiweyo. Ukusebenzisa umoya oxinzelelweyo okanye ioksijini kuya kubangela ukuba umphetho oshushu osikiweyo ube yi-oxidize, ushiye ukurhabaxa, umnyama, kunye nokungasebenzisekiyo. Indima yeNitrojeni yeyomatshini kuphela: ivuthela isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo sihambe ngokucocekileyo kwaye sikhusele isiphelo esishushu kwioksijini, nto leyo ekhokelela kwisiphelo esiqaqambileyo, esimenyezelayo esilungele ukuwelda.

Ngaba i-laser yokusika i-aluminiyam iyingozi?Ewe, ukusebenzisa nayiphi na i-laser cutter yeshishini kufuna imigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko. Iingozi eziphambili ziquka:

• Ukonakala kwamehlo nolusu:I-laser ye-Industrial (I-Class 4) inokubangela ukulimala kwamehlo ngokukhawuleza, ngokusisigxina kwi-beam ngqo okanye ebonakalisiweyo.

• Umsi:Inkqubo idala uthuli oluyingozi lwe-aluminiyam ekufuneka lubanjwe yinkqubo yokungenisa umoya kunye nokucoca.

• Umlilo:Ubushushu obukhulu bunokuba ngumthombo wokutshisa.

Ukunciphisa le mingcipheko, oomatshini bale mihla bavalwe ngokupheleleyo ngeefestile zokujonga ezikhuselekileyo ngelaser, kwaye abaqhubi kufuneka basoloko besebenzisa isiXhobo soKhuseleko soMntu esifanelekileyo (PPE), kubandakanywa neeglasi zokhuseleko ezilinganiswe ngobude obukhethekileyo belaser.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukuqukumbela, ukusika i-laser ngoku lolona khetho luphezulu lokwenza iinxalenye ze-aluminium xa ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho ubaluleke kakhulu. Iilaser zefiber zanamhlanje zilungisile iingxaki ezindala, zenza inkqubo ikhawuleze kwaye ithembeke ngakumbi. Banikezela ngokuchaneka okukhulu kunye nemiphetho egudileyo edla ngokufuna umsebenzi omncinci okanye akukho msebenzi owongezelelweyo. Ngaphezu koko, zenza umonakalo omncinci wobushushu, zigcina i-aluminium yomelele.

Nangona iteknoloji yomelele, iziphumo ezilungileyo zivela ekusebenziseni izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nabaqhubi abanezakhono. Ukulungelelanisa izicwangciso ezifana namandla, isantya, kunye noxinzelelo lwegesi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqhuba uvavanyo lokusikeka kunye nokulungisa umatshini kunceda abenzi bobuchule ukuba bafumane esona siphumo silungileyo. Ngale ndlela, banokwenza iindawo ezigqibeleleyo ze-aluminiyam kuyo nayiphi na into.