Kuboorwa kwesimbi mu laser welding idambudziko guru rinotsanangurwa semaburi akazadzwa negasi akavharirwa mukati mesimbi yakasungirirwa yakasimba. Inokanganisa zvakananga kunaka kwemuchina, simba re weld, uye hupenyu hwekuneta. Gwaro iri rinopa nzira yakananga, yekutanga yekugadzirisa, inosanganisira zvakawanikwa kubva mukutsvagisa kwazvino mukugadzira beam shaping uye AI-driven process control kuratidza nzira dzinoshanda kwazvo dzekuderedza njodzi.
Kuongororwa kwePorosity: Zvinokonzera uye Migumisiro
Kuboorwa kwemvura hakusi kukanganisa kwechinhu chimwe chete; kunobva muzviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuviri nemakemikari panguva yekukurumidzira kwekubatanidza. Kunzwisisa zvikonzero izvi zvakakosha pakudzivirira zvinobudirira.
Zvikonzero Zvikuru
Kusvibiswa kwePamusoro:Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo inonyanya kukonzera simbi. Zvinhu zvakasvibiswa zvakaita sehunyoro, mafuta, uye mafuta zvine hydrogen yakawanda. Pasi pesimba guru relaser, zvinhu izvi zvinoora, zvichipinza hydrogen yemhando yepamusoro musimbi yakanyungudutswa. Sezvo dziva re weld richitonhora uye richioma nekukurumidza, kunyunguduka kwehydrogen kunodonha, zvichiita kuti ibude mumushonga kuti igadzire maburi matete, akatenderera.
Kusagadzikana kweKeyboo:Ichi ndicho chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti process porosity iite. Bhomba rekiyi rakasimba rakakosha pakugadzirisa ruzha. Kana ma process parameters asina kugadziriswa (semuenzaniso, kumhanya kwewelding kwakanyanya kupfuura simba re laser), bhomba rekiyi rinogona kuchinja, kusagadzikana, uye kudonha kwechinguva. Kudonha kwega kwega kunobata homwe yesimbi ine simba rakawanda uye gasi rinodzivirira mukati medziva rakanyungudutswa, zvichikonzera maburi makuru, asina kuumbwa zvakanaka.
Kudzivirira Gasi Kusina Kukwana:Chinangwa chekudzivirira gasi ndechekubvisa mhepo yakapoteredza. Kana kuyerera kwayo kusina kukwana, kana kuyerera kwakanyanya kuchikonzera nyonganyonga inokwevera mhepo, magasi emumhepo—kunyanya nitrogen neokisijeni—anosvibisa weld. Okisijeni inogadzira maokisijeni akasimba mukati mekunyunguduka, nepo nitrogen inogona kubatwa semaburi kana kugadzira brittle nitride compounds, zvose izvi zvinokanganisa kusimba kweweld.
Migumisiro Inokuvadza
Zvimiro zveMichina Zvakaderedzwa:Maburi anoderedza nzvimbo yesimbi inotakurika inotakura mutoro, zvichideredza zvakananga Simba rayo Rekusimba. Zvakakosha, anoshanda semaburi emukati anodzivirira kushanduka kwepurasitiki kwakafanana kwesimbi iri pasi pemutoro. Kurasikirwa uku kwekuramba kuripo kwezvinhu kunoderedza zvakanyanya kusimba, zvichiita kuti simbi iite brittle uye ive nyore kutyoka kamwe kamwe.
Hupenyu Hwekuneta Hwakakanganiswa:Izvi zvinowanzova mhedzisiro yakakosha. Maburi, kunyanya ayo ane makona akapinza, anonyanya kupinza stress. Kana chikamu chikaiswa mutoro unotenderera, stress iri kumucheto kweburi inogona kuva yakakwira kakawanda kupfuura stress yese iri muchikamu. Kushushikana uku kwakanyanya kunotanga kuputika kudiki kunokura nekufamba kwega kwega, zvichikonzera kutadza kuneta kuri pasi pesimba rechinhu.
Kuwedzera Kwekukanganiswa Nengura:Kana gomba rikapwanya pamusoro, rinogadzira nzvimbo yekuora kwegomba. Nzvimbo diki, isina kumira mukati megomba ine makemikoro akasiyana neakapoteredza. Musiyano uyu unogadzira sero remagetsi rinokurumidza ngura munzvimbo iyoyo.
Kugadzirwa kweNzira Dzekudonhedza Mvura:Kune zvinhu zvinoda chisimbiso chinovharika—zvakaita semabhatiri kana makamuri evacuum—kuora kwemvura kunoitika pakarepo. Pore rimwe chete rinotangira kubva mukati kuenda kunze rinogadzira nzira yakananga yekuti mvura kana magasi zvidonhe, zvichiita kuti chikamu chacho chisashande.
Maitiro Ekuderedza Kupararira Kweganda
1. Kudzora Maitiro Ekutanga
Kugadzirira Pamusoro Pakanaka
Ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekuboorwa kwemvura. Nzvimbo dzese nezvinhu zvinozadza zvinofanirwa kucheneswa zvakanaka nguva pfupi isati yasvika pakunamira.
Kuchenesa Zvinyungudutsa:Shandisa chinhu chinonyungudutsa senge acetone kana isopropyl alcohol kuchenesa nzvimbo dzese dzeweld. Iri idanho rakakosha nekuti tsvina yehydrocarbon (mafuta, mafuta, mvura yekucheka) inoora pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya kwelaser, ichipinza hydrogen zvakananga mudziva reweld rakanyungudutswa. Simbi painokurumidza kuoma, gasi iri rakavharirwa rinogadzira porosity diki inoderedza simba reweld. Chinhu chinonyungudutsa chinoshanda nekunyungudutsa zvinhu izvi, zvichiita kuti zvipukutwe zvachose zvisati zvabatanidzwa.
Chenjero:Dzivisa zvinonyungudutsa zvine chlorine, sezvo zvasara zvazvo zvinogona kuora kuita magasi ane njodzi uye kukonzera kusviba.
Kuchenesa Michina:Shandisa bhurashi resimbi isina ngura rakasiyana-siyana resimbi dzisina ngura kana bhurashi re carbide burr kubvisa ma oxide akakora.yakatsaurirwaBhurashi rakakosha kudzivirira kusvibiswa; semuenzaniso, kushandisa bhurashi resimbi yekabhoni pasimbi isingatsvi kunogona kuisa zvidimbu zvesimbi izvo zvinozopedzisira zvaita ngura uye zvokanganisa weld. Carbide burr inodiwa kune ma oxide akakora, akasimba nekuti ine simba rekucheka jira racho uye kuburitsa simbi itsva, yakachena pasi payo.
Kugadzira uye Kugadzirisa Majoini Zvakanyatsonaka
Majoini asina kugadzika zvakanaka ane mipata yakawanda ndiwo anokonzera kudonha kwemvura. Gasi rinovhara rinoyerera richibva mumuromo harigone kubvisa mhepo yakavharirwa mukati memipata, zvichiita kuti rikweverwe mudziva rekuwelda.
Gwaro:Maburi ekubatana haafanire kudarika 10% yeukobvu hwechinhu chacho. Kupfuura izvi kunoita kuti dziva rekunamira risagadzikane uye zviomere gasi rinodzivirira kudzivirira, zvichiwedzera mukana wekubata gasi. Kugadzirisa nemazvo kwakakosha kuti mamiriro aya arambe aripo.
Kugadzirisa Magadzirirwo Ezvinhu Zvakarongwa
Hukama huripo pakati pesimba relaser, kumhanya kwekuwelda, uye nzvimbo yekutarisa kunoita kuti pave nehwindo rekuita zvinhu. Hwindo iri rinofanira kusimbiswa kuti rive nechokwadi chekuti rinogadzira gomba rekiyi rakasimba. Bhomba rekiyi risina kugadzikana rinogona kudonha nguva nenguva panguva yekuwelda, richibata mabhurumu esimbi yakapwanyika uye gasi rinodzivirira.
2. Kusarudzwa uye Kudzora Gasi Rinodzivirira Zvakakwana
Gasi Rakakodzera Zvinhu
Argon (Ar):Mwero usingashandi wezvinhu zvakawanda nekuda kwekuwanda kwazvo uye mutengo wakaderera.
Nitrogen (N2):Inoshanda zvikuru kune simbi dzakawanda nekuda kwekunyunguduka kwayo kwakanyanya muchikamu chakanyungudutswa, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira nitrogen porosity.
Chidimbu:Ongororo dzichangoburwa dzinoratidza kuti kune alloys dzakasimbiswa nenitrogen, kuwanda kweN2 mugasi rekudzivirira kunogona kukonzera kunaya kwemvura ine nitride, zvichikanganisa kusimba kwayo. Kunyatsoenzanisa kwakakosha.
Helium (He) naAr/He zvinosanganisa:Zvakakosha pazvinhu zvine simba rekupisa rakawanda, zvakaita semhangura nearuminiyamu. Simba rekupisa rakawanda reHelium rinogadzira dziva reweld rinopisa uye rine mvura yakawanda, izvo zvinobatsira zvikuru mukubvisa gasi uye zvinovandudza kupinda kwekupisa, kudzivirira maburi uye kushaya zvikanganiso zvekubatana.
Kuyerera Kwakakodzera uye Kufukidza
Kusayerera kwakakwana kwemvura hakukwanisi kudzivirira dziva rekuveura kubva mumhepo. Kusiyana neizvi, kuyerera kwakawandisa kwemvura kunokonzera kusagadzikana, uko kunokweva mhepo yakakomberedza uye kunosanganisa negasi rinodzivirira, zvichisvibisa weld yacho.
Mwero weKuyerera Kwakajairika:15-25 Liters/min ye coaxial nozzles, yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwayo.
3.Kudzikisa Kwepamusoro neDynamic Beam Shaping
Pakushandisa kwakaoma, kugadzira danda rinochinja-chinja inzira yemazuva ano.
Maitiro:Kunyange zvazvo kutenderera kuri nyore ("kuzununguka") kuchibudirira, tsvakiridzo yazvino inotarisa pamapatani epamusoro, asina kutenderera (semuenzaniso, infinity-loop, figure-8). Maumbirwo aya akaomarara anopa kutonga kwakanyanya pamusoro pesimba remvura yedziva rakanyunguduka uye kukwira kwekushisa, zvichiwedzera kugadzikana kweburi rekiyi uye zvichibvumira nguva yakawanda kuti gasi ribude.
Kufunga Nezvekushanda:Kushandiswa kwema "dynamic beam shaping systems" kunomiririra mari yakawanda yekudyara uye kunowedzera kuoma kwemaitiro acho. Kuongorora kwakakwana kwemari nerubatsiro kunodiwa kuti zvibatsire pakushandiswa kwayo kune zvikamu zvine mutengo wakakwira uko kudzora kwe "porosity" kwakakosha zvikuru.
4. Maitiro Ekuderedza Dambudziko Zvakasiyana Nezvinhu
Aruminiyamu Alloys:Inowanzova nehydrogen porosity kubva ku hydrated surface oxide. Inoda aggressive deoxidation uye low-dew-point (< -50°C) shielding gas, kazhinji ine helium content kuti iwedzere melt pool fluidity.
Simbi dzakagadzirwa nesimbi:Kuputika kwe zinc (boiling point 907°C) ndiyo dambudziko guru. Mukana wemhepo wakagadzirwa we 0.1-0.2 mm unoramba uri nzira inoshanda zvikuru. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nzvimbo yekunyunguduka kwesimbi (~1500°C) yakakwira zvikuru kupfuura nzvimbo yekufashaira ye zinc. Mukana uyu unopa nzira yakakosha yekubuda nayo mumhepo ine simba re zinc.
MaAlloys eTitanium:Kuita zvinhu zvakanyanya kunoda kuchena kwakakwana uye kudzivirira gasi zvisina simba (zvidziviriro zvekutevera nekuchengetedza) sezvinorayirwa neAWS D17.1.
MaAlloys emhangura:Zvinonetsa zvikuru nekuda kwekukwira kwekupisa uye kupenya kwakanyanya kwe infrared lasers. Kupinda kwemvura kunowanzo kukonzerwa nekusanganiswa kusina kukwana uye gasi rakavharirwa. Kuderedza kudiwa kwesimba rakawanda, kazhinji uchishandisa gasi rekudzivirira rine helium kuti rivandudze kubatana kwesimba uye kuyerera kwedziva rakanyunguduka, uye maumbirwo emhando yepamusoro ekupisa nekugadzirisa kunyunguduka.
Matekinoroji Ari Kubudirira uye Mirayiridzo Yeramangwana
Basa iri riri kufambira mberi nekukurumidza kupfuura simba rinodzora zvinhu zvisina kugadzika kusvika pakuchinjika kwakasimba uye kwakangwara.
Kuongororwa Kwemunzvimbo Nesimba reAI:Mafambiro akakosha emazuva ano. Mamodheru ekudzidza kwemuchina ikozvino anoongorora data renguva chaiyo kubva kumakamera ecoaxial, maphotodiode, uye masensa eacoustic. Masisitimu aya anogona kufanotaura kutanga kweporosity uye anogona kunyevera mushandi kana, mumasetup epamberi, kugadzirisa maparamita elaser otomatiki kudzivirira kukanganisa kuti kusaite.
Cherechedza Kuitwa:Kunyange zvazvo dzine simba guru, masisitimu aya anotungamirwa neAI anoda mari yekutanga yakakura muzvinhu zvinoona, midziyo yekutora data, uye kugadzira modhi. Mubereko wavo wekudyara wakakwira zvikuru mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda, zvakakosha uko mutengo wekukundikana wakanyanya.
Mhedziso
Kuboorwa kwesimbi mu laser welding idambudziko rinogoneka kugadziriswa. Nekubatanidza nheyo dzekutanga dzekuchena uye kudzora ma parameter nematekinoroji emazuva ano akadai se dynamic beam shaping uye AI-powered monitoring, vagadziri vanogona kugadzira welds dzisina zvikanganiso. Remangwana rekusimbisa mhando mu welding riri mumasisitimu aya akangwara anotarisa, anogadzirisa, uye anovimbisa mhando munguva chaiyo.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa (Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa)
Mubvunzo 1: Chii chinonyanya kukonzera porosity mu laser welding?
A: Chikonzero chimwe chete chinowanzoitika kusvibiswa kwepamusoro (mafuta, hunyoro) hunopfungaira uye hunoisa gasi rehydrogen mudziva rekunamira.
Mubvunzo wechipiri: Sei?to kudzivirira kudonha kwemvura mukunamira kwearuminiyamu?
A: Danho rakakosha zvikuru kuchenesa nechisimba usati waisa weld kuti ubvise aluminium oxide layer yakanyorova, pamwe chete negasi rinodzivirira rakachena kwazvo, risingadeyi nedova, rinowanzova nehelium.
Mubvunzo 3: Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pe porosity ne slag inclusion?
A: Kuboora kwechinhu chinovhara gasi. Kubatanidzwa kwetsvina chinhu chakasimba chisina simbi uye hachiwanzo batanidzwa ne keyhole-mode laser welding, kunyange zvazvo ichigona kuitika mukushongedza kwelaser conduction nemamwe ma fluxes kana zvinhu zvakasvibiswa zve filler.
Mubvunzo wechina: Ndeipi gasi rakanakisa rekudzivirira porosity musimbi?
A: Kunyange zvazvo Argon iri chinhu chinowanzoitika, Nitrogen (N2) inowanzova nani pane simbi dzakawanda nekuda kwekunyunguduka kwayo kwakanyanya. Zvisinei, kune dzimwe simbi dzakasimba kwazvo, mukana wekuumbwa kwe nitride unofanirwa kuongororwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-25-2025
