Umutekano nubushobozi bwa sisitemu ya gari ya moshi igezweho biterwa nibikoresho byo gukora kugeza murwego rwo hejuru bidasanzwe. Intandaro yibi bikorwa byinganda ni ugukata lazeri, tekinoroji ikoresha urumuri rwibanze rwumucyo muguhimba ibice byicyuma hamwe nukuri ntagereranywa.
Aka gatabo gatanga ibisobanuro birambuye kumahame yubuhanga agengagukata, ikora ubushakashatsi butandukanye kuva mumibiri ya gari ya moshi kugeza kubikoresho bikurikirana, ikanasobanura impamvu yabaye igikoresho fatizo cyinganda za gari ya moshi.
Ikoranabuhanga: Nigute Laser Igabanya Ibyuma
Ntabwo ari "urumuri rw'umucyo" gusa.Inzira nigenzurwa cyane hagati yumucyo, gaze, nicyuma.
Dore intambwe ku yindi:
1.Ibisekuruza:Imbere yisoko yingufu, urukurikirane rwa diode "pompe" ingufu mumigozi ya fibre optique yahinduwe hamwe nibintu bidasanzwe-isi. Ibi bishimisha atome kandi bitanga urumuri rwinshi, rufite ingufu nyinshi.
2.Gushimangira:Uru rumuri, rukunze gupimwa hagati ya kilowati 6 na 20 (kW) kugirango ikoreshwe cyane mu nganda, inyuzwa muri fibre optique kugeza kumutwe. Hano, urukurikirane rw'ibice rwibanda kumurongo muto, ufite imbaraga zidasanzwe, rimwe na rimwe ruri munsi ya 0.1 mm.
3.Gukata & Gufasha Gasi:Igiti cyibanze kirashonga kandi kigahindura ibyuma. Muri icyo gihe, gazi ifasha umuvuduko mwinshi iraswa ikoresheje urumuri rumwe na lazeri. Iyi gaze irakomeye kandi ikora intego ebyiri: isohora icyuma gishongeshejwe neza mugikata (kizwi nka "kerf") kandi kigira ingaruka kumiterere yo gukata.
Azote (N.2)ni gaze ya inert ikoreshwa mugukata ibyuma na aluminium. Itanga isuku nziza, ifeza, idafite okiside ihita yitegura gusudira. Ibi byitwa "umuvuduko ukabije wo gukata".
Oxygene (O.2)ikoreshwa mugukata ibyuma bya karubone. Oxygene ikora reaction ya exothermic reaction (yaka cyane hamwe nicyuma), itanga umuvuduko mwinshi wo guca. Inkomoko yavuyemo ifite urwego ruto rwa oxyde yemerwa kubisabwa byinshi.
Porogaramu: Kuva Kumurongo Wibanze Kuri Micro-Ibigize
Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo gukata ikoreshwa muburyo bwose bwo gukora gari ya moshi, uhereye kumurongo munini wubaka umutekano wumutekano wabagenzi kugeza kubintu bito, binini cyane. Ubwinshi bwikoranabuhanga butuma bukoreshwa mubice byinshi, bikerekana uruhare runini mukubaka gari ya moshi zigezweho nibikorwa remezo bibashyigikira.
Ibigize Imiterere:Aka ni agace gakomeye cyane. Lazeri zikoreshwa mugukata ibibanza nyamukuru byubaka gari ya moshi, harimo ibishishwa byumubiri wimodoka, munsi yimirimo iremereye ishyigikira hasi, hamwe nibikoresho bya bogie bihungabanya umutekano nkibice byuruhande, ibiti byambukiranya, na bolsters. Ibi akenshi bikozwe mubikoresho kabuhariwe nkimbaraga zikomeye-zidafite imbaraga, ibyuma bya corten kugirango birwanye ruswa, cyangwa 5000 na 6000 bya aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu ya gari ya moshi zihuta cyane.
Imbere na Sub-Sisitemu:Ubusobanuro ni ngombwa hano, kandi. Ibi birimo ibyuma bitagira umuyonga HVAC bigomba kuba bihuye ahantu hafunganye, igisenge cya aluminiyumu hamwe ninkuta zometseho urukuta rufite amatara na disikuru, ibyuma byo kwicara, hamwe n’ibyuma bya elegitoroniki byoroshye.
Ibikorwa Remezo na Sitasiyo:Porogaramu irenze gari ya moshi ubwazo. Lazeri yatemye ibyuma biremereye bya masenari ya catenary, amazu yububiko bwibimenyetso byerekana inzira, hamwe nibikoresho byubatswe byifashishijwe mu kuvugurura ibice bya sitasiyo.
Ibyiza bya Precision: Kwibira cyane
Ijambo "precision" rifite inyungu zifatika zubuhanga zirenze "nziza" gusa.
Gushoboza Imashini za Robo:Ihame ridasanzwe ryibice byaciwe na lazeri nibyo bituma robot yihuta yo gusudira iba impamo. Imashini yo gusudira ikurikira inzira isobanutse, yateguwe mbere kandi ntishobora guhuza itandukaniro riri hagati yibigize. Niba igice ari na milimetero hanze, gusudira byose birashobora kunanirwa. Kuberako gukata lazeri bitanga ibice bimwe bisa buri gihe, bitanga ubwizerwe butajegajega sisitemu zikoresha zisaba gukora neza kandi neza.
Kugabanya akarere gaterwa n'ubushyuhe (HAZ):Iyo ukase ibyuma hamwe nubushyuhe, agace kegereye gukata nako karashyuha, gashobora guhindura imiterere yacyo (nko kugikora cyane). Aka ni akarere gaterwa n'ubushyuhe (HAZ). Kuberako lazeri yibanze cyane, itangiza ubushyuhe buke mubice, ikora HAZ nto. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kuko bivuze uburinganire bwimiterere yicyuma kuruhande rwigabanywa ntigihinduka, kwemeza ibikoresho bikora neza nkuko ba injeniyeri babiteguye.
Urubanza rwubucuruzi: Kugabanya Inyungu
Ibigo ntibishora miriyoni muri tekinoroji kubera gusa. Inyungu zamafaranga n'ibikoresho ni ngombwa.
Gukoresha ibikoresho bigezweho:Porogaramu nziza "nesting" software ni urufunguzo. Ntabwo ihuza ibice gusa nka puzzle ahubwo ikoresha nubuhanga buhanitse nko guca umurongo rusange, aho ibice bibiri byegeranye byaciwe numurongo umwe, bikuraho burundu ibisakuzo hagati yabyo. Ibi birashobora gutuma imikoreshereze yibikoresho iva kuri 75% ikagera kuri 90%, ikabika amafaranga menshi kubiciro fatizo.
“Itara-Rimurika” Gukora:Gukata lazeri igezweho ikunze guhuzwa no kwikorera / gupakurura iminara. Sisitemu irashobora gufata amabati menshi yibikoresho kandi ikabika ibice byarangiye. Ibi bituma imashini ikora ubudahwema nijoro na wikendi hamwe nubugenzuzi buke bwabantu - igitekerezo kizwi nka "gucana amatara" - kongera umusaruro cyane.
Gutondekanya ibikorwa byose:Inyungu ziragwira epfo.
1. Nta gutesha agaciro:Isuku yambere isukuye ikuraho ibikenerwa gusya kabiri kugirango ikureho impande zikarishye. Ibi bizigama mu buryo butaziguye ibiciro byakazi, bitezimbere umutekano wumukozi ukuraho ingaruka zo gusya, kandi byihutisha ibikorwa rusange.
2. Nta gikorwa:Ibice byaciwe neza byemeza neza, bikuraho igihe cyo guta intoki mugihe cyo guterana. Ibi byihutisha umuvuduko wumusaruro, byongera ibicuruzwa, nibisubizo mubicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge.
3. Urunigi rworoshye rwo gutanga amasoko:Gukata ibice bisabwa muri dosiye ya digitale bigabanya gukenera kubika ibintu binini, kugabanya ibiciro byo kubika, kugabanya imyanda, no kongera imikorere.
Igikoresho Cyiza kumurimo: Kugereranya kwagutse
Guhitamo ibikoresho byiza muburyo bwo guhimba umwuga bigenwa nisesengura ryinshi rihindagurika ryumuvuduko wumusaruro, kwihanganira neza, igiciro cyibikorwa, nibintu bifatika. Kubwibyo, laser ntabwo ari igisubizo gikwiye hose.
| Uburyo | Ibyiza Kuri | Ibyiza by'ingenzi | Ingaruka z'ingenzi |
| Gukata Fibre | Gukata neza-neza kumpapuro zigera kuri ~ 25mm (1 cm). Nibyiza kubwibyuma na aluminium. | Ntagereranywa neza, impande zisukuye, HAZ ntoya cyane, n'umuvuduko mwinshi kubikoresho bito. | Igiciro kinini cyambere. Ntabwo ari ingirakamaro ku masahani manini cyane. |
| Plasma | Gukata ibyuma byuzuye (> 25mm) byihuse aho ubwiza bwuruhande butari bwo bwambere. | Umuvuduko mwinshi cyane wo kugabanya ibikoresho byimbitse nigiciro cyambere cyambere kuruta laser-power-power. | Kinini HAZ, idasobanutse neza, kandi itanga impande zegeranye zisaba gusya. |
| Amazi | Gukata ibintu byose (ibyuma, amabuye, ikirahure, ibihimbano) nta bushyuhe, cyane cyane ibishishwa byangiza ubushyuhe cyangwa icyuma cyinshi cyane. | Nta HAZ rwose, kurangiza neza kurangiza, hamwe nibintu bitangaje. | Bitinda cyane kuruta laser cyangwa plasma, kandi bifite igiciro kinini cyo gukora kubera gukuramo no gufata neza pompe. |
Mu gusoza, gukata fibre laser birenze kure uburyo bwo gukora ibyuma; ni tekinoroji shingiro mubikorwa bya digitale yibidukikije byinganda za gari ya moshi zigezweho. Agaciro kayo kari muburyo bukomeye bwo guhuza neza cyane, umusaruro wihuse, no kwishyira hamwe kwimbitse hamwe na sisitemu yagutse.
Mugushoboza gutera imbere nka gusudira kwa robo, kugabanya akarere gaterwa nubushyuhe kugirango ubungabunge imbaraga, kandi utange ubuziranenge butagira inenge busabwa kugira ngo bwuzuze amahame akomeye y’umutekano nka EN 15085, bwabaye igikoresho kitaganirwaho.
Ubwanyuma, gukata lazeri bitanga ubuhanga bwubwishingizi hamwe nubwishingizi bufite ireme kugirango twubake sisitemu ya gari ya moshi itekanye, yizewe, kandi yateye imbere muri iki gihe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-22-2025
