Ububasha bwo gusudira lazeri ni inenge ikomeye isobanurwa nkibintu byuzuye gaze byafatiwe mu cyuma gikomeye. Ihungabanya byimazeyo ubunyangamugayo, imbaraga zo gusudira, nubuzima bwumunaniro. Aka gatabo gatanga inzira itaziguye, ibisubizo-byambere, bikubiyemo ibyagaragaye mubushakashatsi buheruka gukorwa mugushiraho ibiti bigezweho no kugenzura imikorere ya AI kugirango hagaragazwe ingamba zifatika zo kugabanya ibicuruzwa.
Isesengura rya Porosity: Impamvu n'ingaruka
Ububabare ntabwo ari inenge imwe; ikomoka kubintu byinshi bitandukanye byumubiri na chimique mugihe cyo gusudira byihuse. Gusobanukirwa n'izi ntandaro ni ngombwa mu gukumira neza.
Impamvu Zibanze
Kwanduza Ubuso:Nisoko ikunze kugaragara cyane ya metallurgical porosity. Ibihumanya nk'amazi, amavuta, n'amavuta bikungahaye kuri hydrogen. Munsi yingufu zikomeye za lazeri, ibyo bikoresho birabora, bitera hydrogène yibanze mubyuma bishongeshejwe. Nka pisine isudira ikonje kandi igakomera vuba, gukomera kwa hydrogène bigabanuka, bikabura igisubizo kugirango bibe byiza byoroheje.
Urufunguzo rudahungabana:Nibiyobora nyamukuru byimikorere. Urufunguzo ruhamye ni ngombwa kugirango amajwi asudwe. Niba ibipimo byimikorere bidashyizwe mubikorwa (urugero, umuvuduko wo gusudira ni mwinshi cyane kububasha bwa laser), urufunguzo rushobora guhinduka, guhinduka, no gusenyuka mukanya. Buri gusenyuka bifata umufuka wumuyaga mwinshi wumuyaga wumuyaga hamwe na gaze ikingira ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe, bikavamo icyuho kinini, gifite imiterere idasanzwe.
Gukingira gaz bidahagije:Intego yo gukingira gaze nuguhindura ikirere gikikije. Niba imigezi idahagije, cyangwa niba umuvuduko ukabije utera imivurungano ikurura ikirere, imyuka yo mu kirere - cyane cyane azote na ogisijeni - bizanduza gusudira. Oxygene ihita ikora okiside ikomeye mu gushonga, mugihe azote ishobora gufatwa nkibinogo cyangwa igakora nitride ivanze, byombi bikabangamira ubusugire bwa weld.
Ingaruka mbi
Kugabanya Ibikoresho bya Mechanical:Ibinogo bigabanya umutwaro wikoreye kwambukiranya igice cya weld, ukamanura imbaraga za Ultimate Tensile Imbaraga. Ikirenzeho, bakora nkibintu byimbere birinda ihindagurika rya plastike yicyuma munsi yumutwaro. Uku gutakaza ibintu bikomeza kugabanya cyane guhindagurika, bigatuma gusudira kurushaho gucika intege kandi bikunda kuvunika gitunguranye.
Umunaniro Wangiritse Ubuzima:Izi ni zo ngaruka zikomeye. Imyenge, cyane cyane ifite inguni zikarishye, ni imbaraga zikomeye zo guhangayikisha. Iyo ikintu gikorewe imitwaro yikurikiranya, imihangayiko kumpera ya pore irashobora kuba inshuro nyinshi kurenza ihungabana rusange mubice. Uku guhangayikishwa cyane gutangiriye mikoro ikura hamwe na buri cyiciro, biganisha ku kunanirwa umunaniro munsi yimbaraga zagereranijwe.
Kwiyongera kwangirika kwangirika:Iyo pore imennye hejuru, ikora urubuga rwo kwangirika. Ibidukikije bito, bihagaze imbere muri pore bifite imiti itandukanye nubuso bukikije. Iri tandukaniro rikora selile yamashanyarazi yihutisha kwangirika kwaho.
Kurema Inzira Zimeneka:Kubigize ibice bisaba kashe ya hermetic-nkububiko bwa batiri cyangwa ibyumba bya vacuum-porosity ni ibintu byananiranye ako kanya. Umuyoboro umwe uva imbere ugana hejuru yinyuma ukora inzira itaziguye y'amazi cyangwa imyuka isohoka, bigatuma ibice bidafite akamaro.
Ingamba zifatika zo kugabanya ubukana
1. Igenzura ryibanze
Gutegura neza Ubuso
Ninimpamvu nyamukuru itera ubwoba. Ubuso bwose nibikoresho byuzuza bigomba guhanagurwa neza mbere yo gusudira.
Isuku ya Solvent:Koresha umusemburo nka acetone cyangwa inzoga ya isopropyl kugirango usukure neza hejuru yisuderi. Iyi ni intambwe ikomeye kuko umwanda wa hydrocarubone (amavuta, amavuta, gukata amazi) ubora munsi yubushyuhe bukabije bwa laser, ugatera hydrogene muri pisine yashonze. Mugihe icyuma gikomera vuba, gaze yafashwe itera ububobere bwiza butesha imbaraga gusudira. Umuti ukora ushonga ibyo bikoresho, ubemerera guhanagurwa burundu mbere yo gusudira.
Icyitonderwa:Irinde ibishishwa bya chlorine, kuko ibisigisigi byayo bishobora kubora imyuka ishobora guteza akaga.
Isuku rya mashini:Koresha icyuma cyabugenewe cyabugenewe kugirango ushireho ibyuma cyangwa karbide burr kugirango ukureho okiside yuzuye. A.byeguriwebrush ningirakamaro kugirango wirinde kwanduzanya; kurugero, gukoresha icyuma cya karubone cyohanagura ibyuma bitagira umwanda birashobora gushiramo ibice byicyuma bizahinduka ingese hanyuma bikabangamira gusudira. Carbide burr irakenewe kuri oxyde yuzuye, ikomeye kuko irakaze bihagije kugirango igabanye umubiri kandi igaragaze ibyuma bishya, bisukuye munsi.
Igishushanyo mbonera gihuriweho hamwe
Ihuriro ridahuye neza hamwe n’ibyuho bikabije nimpamvu itaziguye yo gutera ubwoba. Gazi ikingira ituruka muri nozzle ntishobora kwimura byimazeyo ikirere cyafatiwe mu cyuho, bigatuma gishobora gukururwa muri pisine.
Amabwiriza:Ibyuho bifatanye ntibigomba kurenga 10% yubunini bwibikoresho. Kurenga ibi bituma pisine isudira idahindagurika kandi igoye gaze ikingira kurinda, byongera amahirwe yo gufata gaze. Kugena neza ni ngombwa kugirango ukomeze iyi miterere.
Gukwirakwiza ibipimo bya sisitemu
Isano iri hagati yimbaraga za laser, umuvuduko wo gusudira, nu mwanya wibanze ukora idirishya ryibikorwa. Idirishya rigomba kwemezwa kugirango ribyare urufunguzo ruhamye. Urufunguzo rutajegajega rushobora gusenyuka mugihe kimwe cyo gusudira, gufata imitego myinshi yicyuma cyuka hamwe na gaze ikingira.
2. Ingamba zo Kurinda Gazi Guhitamo no Kugenzura
Gukosora gaze kubikoresho
Argon (Ar):Igipimo cya inert kubikoresho byinshi bitewe n'ubucucike bwacyo nigiciro gito.
Azote (N2):Byiza cyane kumashanyarazi menshi kubera gukomera kwayo mugice cyashongeshejwe, gishobora gukumira azote.
Nuance:Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwemeza ko kuri azote ikomezwa na azote, N2 ikabije muri gaze ikingira irashobora gutuma imvura igabanuka ya nitride, bikagira ingaruka zikomeye. Kuringaniza neza ni ngombwa.
Helium (He) na Ar / Avanga:Ibyingenzi kubikoresho bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, nkumuringa na aluminiyumu. Ubushyuhe bukabije bwa Helium butera pisine ishyushye, yuzuye amazi yo gusudira, ifasha cyane mukwangirika no kunoza ubushyuhe bwinjira, ikarinda ubukana no kubura inenge.
Gutemba neza no gutwikira
Imigezi idahagije ntishobora kurinda pisine isudira ikirere. Ku rundi ruhande, umuvuduko ukabije utera imivurungano, ikurura cyane mu kirere gikikije kandi ikavanga na gaze ikingira, ikanduza weld.
Ibiciro bisanzwe bitemba:15-25 Litiro / min kuri coaxial nozzles, ihujwe na progaramu yihariye.
3.Iterambere ryoroheje hamwe na Dynamic Beam Shaping
Kubibazo bitoroshye, gushiraho urumuri ni uburyo bugezweho bwa tekinike.
Urwego:Mugihe ihungabana ryoroshye (“wobble”) rifite akamaro, ubushakashatsi buherutse kwibanda ku buryo bwateye imbere, butazenguruka (urugero, infinity-loop, ishusho-8). Izi shusho zigoye zitanga uburyo bunoze bwo kugenzura amazi ya pisine ya fluid hamwe nubushyuhe bwa gradient, bikarushaho gukomeza urufunguzo kandi bigatanga umwanya munini kugirango gaze ihunge.
Ibitekerezo bifatika:Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya sisitemu yo gushiraho urumuri rugaragaza ishoramari rikomeye kandi ryongeramo ibintu bigoye. Isesengura ryuzuye-ryunguka rirakenewe kugirango ryemeze imikoreshereze yabyo bifite agaciro kanini aho kugenzura porosi ari ngombwa rwose.
4. Ingamba zihariye zo kugabanya ibicuruzwa
Amavuta ya Aluminium:Gukunda hydrogène poritike iva hejuru ya oxyde. Irasaba deoxidisation ikaze hamwe n-ikime-gito (<-50 ° C) ikingira gaze, akenshi hamwe na helium kugirango yongere amazi ya pisine.
Ibyuma bya Galvanised:Umwuka uturika wa zinc (ingingo 907 ° C) ni ikibazo nyamukuru. Icyuho cya moteri ya 0.1-0.2 mm ikomeza kuba ingamba nziza. Ni ukubera ko icyuma cyo gushonga (~ 1500 ° C) kiri hejuru cyane ya zinc. Icyuho gitanga inzira yingenzi yo guhunga kumyuka mwinshi wa zinc.
Amavuta ya Titanium:Gukora cyane birasaba isuku yuzuye hamwe no gukingira gaze inert (gukurikira no gukingira ingabo) nkuko byateganijwe nikirere cya AWS D17.1.
Amavuta y'umuringa:Biragoye cyane kubera ubushyuhe bwumuriro mwinshi hamwe no kwerekana cyane kuri lazeri. Ububabare akenshi buterwa no guhuza bituzuye hamwe na gaze yafashwe. Kugabanya ubukana bisaba ingufu nyinshi, akenshi ukoresheje gazi ikingira helium ikingira ingufu kugirango uhuze ingufu hamwe no gushonga amazi ya pisine, hamwe nibishusho bigezweho kugirango ubanzirize ubushyuhe no gucunga gushonga.
Ikoranabuhanga rishya hamwe nicyerekezo kizaza
Umurima uratera imbere byihuse birenze igenzura rihamye, gusudira ubwenge.
Gukurikirana AI-Gukurikirana-Situ:Icyerekezo cya vuba cyane. Imashini yiga imashini ubu isesengura amakuru nyayo kuva kamera ya coaxial, fotodiode, hamwe na sensor ya acoustic. Izi sisitemu zirashobora guhanura itangira rya porosity kandi bikamenyesha uwabikoresheje cyangwa, mugushiraho kwambere, hindura ibipimo bya laser mu buryo bwikora kugirango wirinde inenge.
Icyitonderwa:Nubwo ifite imbaraga, sisitemu ikoreshwa na AI isaba ishoramari ryambere ryambere muri sensor, ibyuma byo gushaka amakuru, hamwe niterambere ryikitegererezo. Inyungu zabo ku ishoramari ninshi murwego rwo hejuru, rukora ibintu-byingenzi aho ibiciro byo gutsindwa bikabije.
Umwanzuro
Ububabare muri laser yo gusudira ni inenge ishobora gucungwa. Muguhuza amahame shingiro yisuku no kugenzura ibipimo hamwe nikoranabuhanga rigezweho nka dinamike ya beam dinamike hamwe nogukurikirana ikoreshwa na AI, abayikora barashobora kubyara byimazeyo gusudira nta nenge. Ejo hazaza h'ubwishingizi bufite ireme mu gusudira buri muri sisitemu zubwenge zikurikirana, zihuza, kandi zizeza ubuziranenge mugihe nyacyo.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo)
Q1: Niyihe mpamvu nyamukuru itera ubwoba muri gusudira laser?
Igisubizo: Impamvu imwe ikunze kugaragara cyane ni kwanduza hejuru (amavuta, ubushuhe) bihumeka kandi byinjiza gaze ya hydrogène muri pisine.
Q2: Niguteto irinde porosity muri welding ya aluminium?
Igisubizo.
Q3: Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo kwikinisha no gushyiramo slag?
Igisubizo: Ububabare ni imyuka ya gaze. Gushyiramo icyapa ni umutego udafite ibyuma kandi ntabwo usanzwe uhujwe no gusudira-uburyo bwa lazeri yo gusudira, nubwo bishobora kugaragara mu gusudira kwa lazeri hamwe na flux cyangwa ibikoresho byuzuza byanduye.
Q4: Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo gukingira gaze kugirango wirinde icyuma mu byuma?
Igisubizo: Mugihe Argon isanzwe, Nitrogen (N2) akenshi iruta ibyuma byinshi kubera gukomera kwayo. Nyamara, kubintu bimwe byateye imbere cyane-imbaraga, imbaraga zo gushiraho nitride zigomba gusuzumwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-25-2025
