Guhitamo neza laser yo gusudira ifasha gaze nimwe mubyemezo bikomeye uzafata, nyamara akenshi ntibisobanutse. Wigeze wibaza impamvu isa naho itunganijwe neza yashoboye kunanirwa mukibazo? Igisubizo gishobora kuba mu kirere… cyangwa kuruta, muri gaze yihariye wakoresheje kugirango ukingire weld.
Iyi gaze, nanone yitwa gukingira gaze yo gusudira laser, ntabwo yongeweho gusa; ni igice cyibanze cyibikorwa. Ikora imirimo itatu idashobora kuganirwaho igena neza ubwiza, imbaraga, nigaragara ryibicuruzwa byawe byanyuma.
Irinda abasudira:Gazi ifasha ikora icyuma kirinda icyuma gishongeshejwe, ikayirinda imyuka yo mu kirere nka ogisijeni na azote. Hatariho iyi nkinzo, ubona inenge zikomeye nka okiside (weld ifite intege nke, weld ifite ibara) hamwe na porosity (utubuto duto tubangamira imbaraga).
Iremeza imbaraga zose za Laser:Nkuko lazeri ikubita icyuma, irashobora gukora "igicu cya plasma." Iki gicu kirashobora rwose guhagarika no gukwirakwiza ingufu za lazeri, biganisha ku ntege nke, gusudira. Gazi iburyo ihanagura iyi plasma kure, ikemeza imbaraga zose za laser yawe igera kumurimo.
Irinda ibikoresho byawe:Umugezi wa gazi kandi urinda ibyuka byumuyaga hamwe no gutemba kuguruka no kwanduza lens ihenze yibanda mumutwe wawe wa laser, bikagukiza igihe gito cyo gusana no gusana.
Guhitamo gazi yo gukingira Laser Welding: Abahatana
Guhitamo kwa gaz gushiramo abakinnyi batatu b'ingenzi: Argon, Azote, na Helium. Tekereza nk'inzobere zitandukanye wakoresha akazi. Buriwese afite imbaraga zidasanzwe, intege nke, nuburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha.
Argon (Ar): Yizewe Byose-Rounder
Argon nakazi keza kwisi yo gusudira. Ni gaze ya inert, bivuze ko itazitwara hamwe na pisine yashongeshejwe. Nuburemere burenze ikirere, kubwibyo rero butanga ubwirinzi buhebuje, butajegajega butarinze gukenera umuvuduko mwinshi cyane.
Ibyiza Kuri:Umubare munini wibikoresho, harimo aluminium, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, na cyane cyane ibyuma bititwara nka titanium. Welding ya Argon niyo ijya kuri fibre ya fibre kuko itanga isuku, nziza, kandi yoroshye.
Ibitekerezo by'ingenzi:Ifite ubushobozi buke bwa ionisation. Hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi za CO₂ laseri, irashobora kugira uruhare mugukora plasma, ariko kubintu byinshi bigezweho bya fibre laser, ni amahitamo meza.
Azote (N₂): Igiciro-Cyiza
Azote nuburyo bukoresha bije, ariko ntukemere ko igiciro cyo hasi kigushuka. Muburyo bukwiye, ntabwo ari ingabo gusa; nuwitabira ibikorwa bishobora guteza imbere gusudira.
Ibyiza Kuri:Ibyiciro bimwe byicyuma. Gukoresha azote mukoresha laser yo gusudira ibyuma bidafite ingese birashobora gukora nkibintu bivangavanze, bigahindura imiterere yimbere yicyuma kugirango imbaraga zumukanishi no kurwanya ruswa.
Ibitekerezo by'ingenzi:Azote ni gaze ikora. Kubikoresha kubintu bitari byiza, nka titanium cyangwa ibyuma bimwe na bimwe bya karubone, nigisubizo cyibiza. Bizakora hamwe nicyuma kandi bitera kwinjirira cyane, biganisha kuri weld ishobora gucika ikananirwa.
Helium (He): Inzobere-Yinzobere
Helium numu superstar uhenze. Ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane hamwe nubushobozi buhebuje bwa ionisiyoneri, bigatuma iba nyampinga utavuguruzwa wo guhagarika plasma.
Ibyiza Kuri:Kwinjira cyane gusudira mubikoresho binini cyangwa bitwara cyane nka aluminium n'umuringa. Nubundi buryo bwo hejuru bwo guhitamo ingufu nyinshi za CO₂ laseri, zishobora kwibasirwa cyane na plasma.
Ibitekerezo by'ingenzi:Igiciro. Helium ihenze, kandi kubera ko yoroshye cyane, ukeneye umuvuduko mwinshi kugirango ubone ingabo zihagije, byongere igiciro cyibikorwa.
Kugereranya Byihuse Kugereranya Gazi
| Gazi | Igikorwa Cyibanze | Ingaruka kuri Weld | Gukoresha Rusange |
| Argon (Ar) | Ingabo zisudira mu kirere | Inert cyane kuri weld isukuye. Inzira ihamye, isura nziza. | Titanium, Aluminium, Icyuma |
| Azote (N₂) | Irinda okiside | Ikiguzi-cyiza, kurangiza neza. Irashobora gukora ibyuma bimwe. | Icyuma, Aluminium |
| Helium (He) | Kwinjira cyane & guhagarika plasma | Emerera kubwimbitse, bwagutse gusudira kumuvuduko mwinshi. Birahenze. | Ibikoresho binini, Umuringa, gusudira-imbaraga nyinshi |
| Imvange ya gaze | Kuringaniza igiciro & imikorere | Ihuza inyungu (urugero, Ar's stabilite + Ari kwinjira). | Amavuta yihariye, atezimbere imyirondoro |
Guhitamo gazi ifatika yo gutoranya gazi: Guhuza gaze nicyuma
Igitekerezo ni cyiza, ariko wabishyira mu bikorwa ute? Hano harayobora neza kubikoresho bisanzwe.
Gusudira Icyuma
Ufite amahitamo abiri meza hano. Kubyuma bya austenitis na duplex bitagira umuyonga, Azote cyangwa ivangwa rya Azote-Argon akenshi nibyo byatoranijwe hejuru. Itezimbere microstructure kandi ikongerera imbaraga gusudira. Niba ibyo ushyira imbere ari isuku yuzuye, irangije neza nta mikoranire yimiti, Argon yera ninzira nzira.
Gusudira Aluminium
Aluminium iroroshye kuko ikwirakwiza ubushyuhe vuba. Kuri porogaramu nyinshi, Argon yera niyo ihitamo bisanzwe kubera gukingira kwayo. Ariko, niba urimo gusudira ibice binini (hejuru ya mm 3-4), imvange ya Argon-Helium nuguhindura umukino. Helium itanga ubushyuhe bwinyongera bukenewe kugirango umuntu yinjire cyane.
Welding Titanium
Hariho itegeko rimwe gusa ryo gusudira titanium: koresha Argon-yera cyane. Ntukigere, ukoreshe Azote cyangwa ivangwa rya gaze iyo ari yo yose irimo imyuka ikora. Azote izakorana na titanium, irema nitride ya titanium ituma gusudira gucika intege bidasanzwe kandi bigenewe kunanirwa. Gukingira byimazeyo hamwe na gaze ikurikirana hamwe ninyuma nayo ni itegeko kurinda icyuma gikonjesha kugirango kidahura nikirere.
Impuguke:Abantu bakunze kugerageza kuzigama amafaranga mukugabanya umuvuduko wa gaze, ariko iri ni ikosa rya kera. Igiciro cya weld imwe yananiwe kubera okiside iruta kure ikiguzi cyo gukoresha urugero rukwiye rwa gaze ikingira. Buri gihe utangire nigipimo cyogusabwa kugirango usabe kandi uhindure aho.
Gukemura Ikibazo Rusange Laser Welding Inenge
Niba ubona ibibazo muri weld yawe, gaze yawe ifasha nikimwe mubintu bya mbere ugomba gukora iperereza.
Oxidation & Ibara:Iki nikimenyetso kigaragara cyo gukingirwa nabi. Gazi yawe ntabwo irinda gusudira ogisijeni. Gukosora mubisanzwe ni ukongera umuvuduko wa gazi yawe cyangwa kugenzura sisitemu yo gutanga nozzle hamwe na gazi kugirango imeneke cyangwa ibuze.
Porosity (Gas Bubbles):Iyi nenge igabanya gusudira imbere. Irashobora guterwa nigipimo cyo gutemba kiri hasi cyane (ntabwo irinzwe bihagije) cyangwa imwe iri hejuru cyane, ishobora guteza imvururu no gukurura umwuka muri pisine.
Kwinjira bidahuye:Niba ubujyakuzimu bwa weld buri ahantu hose, ushobora kuba ukora plasma ihagarika laser. Ibi birasanzwe na CO2 laseri. Igisubizo nuguhindura gaze hamwe no guhagarika plasma nziza, nka Helium cyangwa ivangwa rya Helium-Argon.
Ingingo Zigezweho: Imvange ya gaz & Ubwoko bwa Laser
Imbaraga Zivanze
Rimwe na rimwe, gaze imwe ntabwo igabanya neza. Imvange ya gaze ikoreshwa kugirango ibone “ibyiza byisi byombi.”
Argon-Helium (Ar / He):Kuvanga ingabo nziza ya Argon hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi na plasma yo guhagarika Helium. Byuzuye kubudodo bwimbitse muri aluminium.
Argon-Hydrogen (Ar / H₂):Umubare muto wa hydrogène (1-5%) urashobora gukora nk "kugabanya ibintu" ku byuma bitagira umwanda, ugashiramo ogisijeni yazimiye kugirango ubyare isaro ryiza cyane, rifite isuku.
CO₂ v.Fibre: Guhitamo Laser iburyo
CO₂ Laser:Birashobora kwibasirwa cyane no gukora plasma. Niyo mpamvu Helium ihenze ikunze kugaragara cyane muri CO ifite ingufu nyinshi2 Porogaramu.
Ibikoresho bya fibre:Ntibakunze guhura nibibazo bya plasma. Iyi nyungu itangaje igufasha gukoresha imyuka ihenze cyane nka Argon na Nitrogen kumurimo munini wimirimo udatanze imikorere.
Umurongo w'urufatiro
Guhitamo laser yo gusudira ifasha gaze nikintu gikomeye cyibikorwa, ntabwo ari ibitekerezo. Mugusobanukirwa imikorere yibanze yo gukingira, kurinda optique yawe, no kugenzura plasma, urashobora guhitamo neza. Buri gihe uhuze gazi nibikoresho nibisabwa byihariye byo gusaba.
Witegure kunonosora uburyo bwawe bwo gusudira laser no gukuraho inenge ziterwa na gaze? Ongera usuzume gazi yawe ihitamo kurwanya aya mabwiriza urebe niba impinduka yoroshye ishobora kuganisha ku ntera nini mu bwiza no mu mikorere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-19-2025
