Ese isuku ya laser ishobora gukura amavuta mu kirahuri cyo mu ifuru?

Twese twagiyeyo: tureba urugi rw'ifuru rwanduye, rwuzuyemo amavuta akomeye kandi yatetse. Ni akajagari gakomeye gatwikira ikirahure, kagahisha ibiryo byawe, kandi kagasa nkaho karwanya buri gikoresho cyose cyo gusukura ugitera. Mu myaka myinshi, ibisubizo byonyine byari imiti ikoreshwa mu gusukura cyane no gukaraba cyane ukoresheje udupapuro two gukaraba. Ariko ubu buryo bwa kera bufite ingaruka mbi zikomeye—bushobora kuzuza igikoni cyawe umwotsi mubi, gukaraba ikirahure cyawe cyo mu ifuru, no kwangiza ibidukikije.

Ariko se byagenda bite iyo haba hari ubundi buryo bwiza? Tekereza werekeza igikoresho cy’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kuri lisansi hanyuma ukayibona irabura, ikirahure kigasa neza. Iryo ni isezerano ryaisuku ya laserIri koranabuhanga rigezweho, rizwi kandi nka laser ablation, rikoresha urumuri rwimbitse kugira ngo rikureho imyanda nta miti cyangwa gukaraba.

Bisa nkaho ari ikintu kivuye muri filime ya siyansi, ariko se koko laser ishobora gusukura ifuru yawe?

Iyi mfashanyigisho izagusobanurira byose ukeneye kumenya ku bijyanye no gukoresha lasers kugira ngo ukureho amavuta kuriikirahure cyo mu ifuruTuzasuzuma siyansi y'uko ikora, turebe ibimenyetso, kandi turebe niba ubu buryo bwo gusukura mu gihe kizaza ari amahitamo meza kandi afatika yo mu gikoni cyawe.

Ikibazo Gihoraho Ugereranije n'Umuti w'ikoranabuhanga rihambaye

Ikibazo: Amavuta adakomeye kandi atetse

Twese twarabibonye. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, buri kantu kose gaturuka mu guteka—amavuta, ibiryo byamenetse, n'isosi—biratwikwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'itanura. Ntabwo byanduye gusa; bikomera bigahinduka igishishwa gikomeye, cy'umukara, cyahiye ku gifu cyawe.ikirahure cyo mu ifuru.

Iyi ngano mbi ntabwo isa nabi gusa, ahubwo ibuza ibiryo byawe kureba neza, bityo ugomba gukomeza gufungura umuryango kugira ngo urebe niba byahiye, bishobora kwangiza uburyo uteka.

Impamvu Uburyo gakondo bwo gusukura butihuta

Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo ishize, twarwanyije iki kibazo dukoresheje ibintu bibiri: imiti ikomeye no gukaraba cyane. Dore impamvu ubwo buryo bwa kera butari bwiza cyane:

• Ibinyabutabire bibi:Imashini nyinshi zisukura amatanura zikora cyane ziba zuzuyemo imiti ishobora guteza akaga. Zishobora gutera ubushye bubi iyo zigufashe ku ruhu kandi zishobora kwangiza ibihaha byawe iyo uhumeka umwuka. Byongeye kandi, akenshi zisiga impumuro mbi kandi idakwiriye mu gikoni cyawe.

• Kwangirika gukabije:Bisa nkaho ari byiza gukaraba ikirahuri ukoresheje ubwoya bw'icyuma cyangwa ifu y'umucanga, ariko mu by'ukuri ibi biterakwangirika gukabijeIbi bikoresho bisiga uduce duto twinshi kuikirahure cyo mu ifuruUko igihe kigenda gihita, iyi mivurungano irakomeza kwiyongera, bigatuma ikirahure gisa n'igihu ndetse gishobora no gutuma kigabanuka.

• Akazi katoroshye:Tuvugishe ukuri: ni akazi katoroshye. Gusukura ifuru bisaba umwanya munini n'imbaraga nyinshi, gukaraba cyane mu mfuruka zitari nziza kugira ngo ubone aho wahera hose.

• Bibabaje ku Isi:Iyo miti isukura ntabwo ipfa gusa. Ihumanya ikirere mu rugo rwawe, kandi iyo igejejwe mu muyoboro w'amazi, ishobora kurangira igeze mu migezi no mu biyaga, ikangiza inyamaswa zo mu gasozi.

Udushya: Uburyo bwiza bwo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser

Ubu, hari igisubizo gishya gishya:isuku ya laserIri koranabuhanga, rizwi kandi nkagukuraho imirasire ya laser, ni inzira idakora ikoresha urumuri rwimbitse kugira ngo ikureho witonze ibisasu ku buso.

Ni uburyo bwizewe bukoreshwa n'inzobere mu gusukura ibintu by'ingenzi nko kwangirika kw'ibyuma, irangi rishaje ku nyubako, n'amavuta ku bice by'imashini byoroshye. Ubuhanga n'umuvuduko wabwo bitangaje bituma buba amahitamo meza yo guhangana n'amavuta yokejwe. Mu kwibanda nogushyushyaakajagari nta na rimwe ukoze ku kirahuri,isuku ya laserbishobora guhindura burundu uburyo dukora imwe mu mirimo yo mu gikoni yanga cyane.

Ubumenyi bwo gusukura ikirahure hakoreshejwe laser: Uko bikora

None se urumuri rushobora gute gusukura ifuru yawe? Si ubumaji—ni siyansi nziza cyane. Uburyo bwitwagukuraho imirasire ya laser, kandi bigabanyijemo intambwe nke zoroshye.

Intambwe ya 1: Zap ihindura amavuta mu ivumbi

Iyo umurasire wa laser ugeze ku mwanda utetse, amavuta ahita yinjiza izo ngufu zose z'urumuri mu kanya gato—tuvuga kuri miliyari z'isegonda. Uku guturika gukomeye gushyushya amavuta kugeza ku bushyuhe bukabije, bigatuma ibintu biyifashe bicikamo ibice.

Aho gushonga mu kajagari gakomeye, amavuta akomeye nibyahinduwe umwukaIbi bivuze ko ihinduka iva ku kintu gikomeye ikajya mu gasongero k'umwuka n'umukungugu muto. Sisitemu yihariye yo gukuramo umwuka hafi ya laser hanyuma ikanyunyuza uwo mukungugu wose, bityo ntihagire ikintu gisigaye cyo guhanagura.

Intambwe ya 2: Ibanga—Impamvu Ikirahure Gitekanye

Niba laser ifite imbaraga zihagije zo gusenya amavuta yahiye, kuki itangiza ikirahuri? Iki ni cyo gice cy'ikoranabuhanga giteye ubuhanga, kandi cyitwagutoranya uburyo bwo gufata ibintu.

Tekereza kuri ibi: buri gikoresho gifite aho "gihinduka umwuka" gitandukanye—ingano y'ingufu gikenera kugira ngo kibe ubusa.

• Amavuta yo gutekani ibikoresho by'umwimerere, bityo bifitehasiAho gushyushya umwuka. Ntibisaba imbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo bishire.

• IkirahureKu rundi ruhande, ni ibikoresho bidafite umwimerere bifite ubushobozi buhanitsehejuruaho ishyushya umwuka. Ishobora kwihanganira ingufu nyinshi.

Sisitemu zo gusukura za laser zikozwe neza kugira ngo zigere ku "gipimo cyiza." Laser ikomeye bihagije kugira ngo igere ku gice gito cy'amavuta, ariko ni nke cyane ku buryo itagera ku gice kinini cy'ikirahure cy'amavuta.

Intambwe ya 3: Ibisubizo—Ubuso busukuye neza

Kubera ko laser ishyizwe kuri uru rwego rw'imbaraga zitunganye, ikora neza cyane mu kubaga. Yibanda ku mavuta, atwara ingufu maze agahabwabyahinduwe umwukaHagati aho, ikirahure ntigifata ingufu. Urumuri ruraguruka cyangwa rukanyuramo rutabishyushye cyangwa ngo rugire icyo rwangiza.

Umusaruro wa nyuma ni uko amavuta akomeye kandi yatetse akuweho burundu, hagasigaraikirahure cyo mu ifurumunsi hasukuye neza, hasukuye kandi hatakozweho. Nta byacitse, nta byatsi, kandi nta byangiritse—ahubwo ni ahantu hasa neza cyane.

Ingufu n'Igenzura rya Siyansi: Ese koko birakora?

Yego, siyansi isa n'aho ari nziza, arikoisuku ya laserkoko akazi karangirira ku mavuta akomeye?

Igisubizo kigufi: yego. Igitekerezo cyo gukoresha lasers mu gusukuraikirahure cyo mu ifurusi inyigisho gusa—ishyigikiwe nakwemeza siyansikandi isanzwe ikoreshwa mu buzima busanzwe mu mirimo isaba imbaraga nyinshi.

Ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ikuraho amavuta n'umwanda

Gusukura hakoreshejwe laser bifite amateka meza yo gukuraho ibintu byose birimo amavuta, amavuta n'ibinure.

• Imaze gukoreshwa n'abahanga:Mu nganda,hakoreshwa lasergukuraho amavuta n'amavuta bikomeye ku bikoresho byo gukora. Ibi ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibice bisukure neza mbere yuko bisukwa cyangwa bifatanye.

• Abahanga mu bya siyansi babigerageje:Mu bushakashatsi bumwe, abashakashatsi bakoresheje laser kugira ngo bakureho imyanda ya karubone yatwitswe ku buso bw'ikirahure, kandi byageze kuIgipimo cyo gukuraho 99%Mu kindi kizamini, laser yakuye amavuta mu kirahuri cyoroshye cyane, gisizwe zahabu nta gusiga n'agashinyaguro. Ibi bigaragaza ko uburyo bufite imbaraga kandi bworoshye.

Ni gute twamenya ko ari isuku koko?

Abahanga mu bya siyansi bafite uburyo bwo gupima isuku burenze kuyireba gusa.

• Ikizamini cy'amazi:Kimwe mu bizamini byiza cyane cyitwainguni yo guhuza amaziikizamini. Tekereza ku modoka iherutse gusigwa irangi—iyo amazi ayikubiseho, irahinduka udutonyanga duto. Ariko ku buso busukuye neza kandi budafite irangi, amazi arasakara neza. Ku buso busukuwe na laser, amazi arasakara neza neza, bigaragaza ko nta bisigazwa by'amavuta bisigaye inyuma.

• "Urumuri rw'umukara" kuri Grease:Abahanga mu bya siyansi bashobora kandi gukoresha ibikoresho byihariye bipima ibisigaye by’ibinyabuzima. Ubuso busukuwe na laser buhora butsinda ibi bizamini, bigaragaza ko busukuye koko mu buryo bwa siyansi.

Ntabwo ari iby'amatanura gusa: ahandi hantu hashobora gusukurwa na lasers

Ikoranabuhanga rimwe risukuraamavuta yo mu ifuruisanzwe yizewe mu nganda zimwe na zimwe z'ingenzi cyane aho ubuziranenge n'umutekano ari byo byose.

• Gutunganya ibiribwa:Ibigo binini by'ibiribwa bikoreshaisuku ya laserku bikoresho byabo byo mu ruganda, nk'amasafuriya manini yo gutekesha n'imikandara yo kohereza ibicuruzwa. Bikuraho ibiryo n'amavuta byahiye, ndetse n'ubushyuhe bwinshiisukurahejuru hica mikorobe—akamaro gakomeye.

• Inganda:Iyo urikubaka imodoka, indege, n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho, ibice bigomba kuba bisukuye neza kugira ngo bihure neza. Imirasire ya laser ikoreshwa mu gukuraho amavuta n'amavuta yose nta guhindura imiterere y'ibice ndetse n'ubugari bw'umusatsi.

• Amateka yo kubika:Uru ni urugero rwiza cyane. Impuguke mu buhanzi zikoresha imirasire ya laser kurikuvugurura umurage w'umuco—bakiza ubuhanzi n'ibintu by'agaciro katagereranywa. Bakoresha imirasire ya laser isobanutse neza cyane kugira ngo bakure mu buryo bwitondewe umwanda n'imyanda y'ibinyejana byinshi ku mashusho ya kera n'amadirishya y'ibirahuri by'amateka adakomeye kandi afite ibara ry'umweru batiriwe bangiza igishushanyo mbonera kiri munsi.

Niba laser ifite umutekano uhagije wo gusukura ibihangano by'ubuhanzi by'agaciro katagereranywa, nta gushidikanya ko ifite umutekano kandi ikora neza bihagije kugira ngo ikoreshe urugi rw'ifuru yawe.

Ibyiza Ugereranyije n'Uburyo Busanzwe bwo Gusukura

None se, ni guteisuku ya laserEse koko urwanya imiti ikoreshwa mu gusukura no gusiga irangi? Ntabwo ari intambara ikwiye. Gusukura hakoreshejwe laser ni ikoranabuhanga rihambaye hafi ya ryose.

Dore ibyiza bikomeye:

Ni byiza kuri wowe no ku Isi

Gusukura hakoreshejwe laser ni igikorwa kidakoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "green". Kuko arinta miti ikoreshwa, ntugomba guhangayikishwa no guhumeka imyuka ihumanya cyangwa kugira ibinyobwa biteje akaga ku ruhu rwawe. Ikintu kimwe rukumbi ikora ni ivumbi rito riva mu mavuta yakuwemo umwuka, rihita ritwarwa n'icyuma gifunga umwuka. Ibi bivuze ko nta kintu na kimwe gitanga.imyanda iteza akagabitandukanye n'imyenda y'impapuro irimo imiti n'amatafari. Ni ikintu gitandukanye cyaneitangiza ibidukikijeuburyo bwo gusukura.

Ntabwo bizashwanyaguza ikirahuri cyawe

Kimwe mu bintu bibi cyane ku bijyanye no koza ni uko arigukaraba, bivuze ko bisiga gatogukoropaikirahuri cyose mu ifuru yawe. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibi bituma ikirahuri gisa n'igihu kandi gike. Gusukura hakoreshejwe laser ni uburyo bwokudahuzauburyo—lazeri ikora akazi kayo idakoze ku buso. Ikuramo umwanda buhoro buhoro, igasiga ikirahure cyawe gisukuye neza kandi kitangiritse.

Ni Byiza cyane

Laser itanga ibintu bitangajeubushishozi n'igenzuraTekereza nko gukoresha ikaramu ntoya aho gukoresha irangi ryijimye. Umurabyo wa laser ushobora kwerekezwa ahantu hato kandi hakomeye h'amavuta hanyuma ugasukura neza nta ngaruka ku bice biwukikije, nk'udupfundikizo twa kabutike cyangwa urugi rw'icyuma. Ntushobora kubona ubwo buryo bwo gukora neza ukoresheje imiti itera ahantu hose.

Ni vuba cyane

Wibagirwe gutegereza isaha imwe kugira ngo imiti inyonge, hanyuma umara indi minota 30 woza. Gusukura hakoreshejwe laser bitanga umusaruro mwiza cyane.imikorere myiza n'umuvuduko. Iyo laser igeze ku mavuta, iba igiye. Ku bintu bikomeye cyane kandi byatetse, ishobora kurangiza akazi vuba cyane kuruta uko byari bisanzwe.

Bica imigera, na yo

Dore inyungu itangaje: ubushyuhe bwinshi buturuka kuri laser butanga imbaragaisukuingaruka. Uko ihindura amavuta mu mwuka, yica bagiteri, ibihumyo, cyangwa izindi mikorobe ziba hejuru. Ibi bivuze ko ifuru yawe idasukuye gusa mu maso—isukuye no mu isuku.

Amabwiriza y'umutekano yo gusukura ikirahure

Ingufu n'ubuhanga bwo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser bisaba amabwiriza akomeye y'umutekano. Gukoresha neza ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo urinde umukoresha n'ikirahure cy'ifuru kwangirika.

Ibipimo bya Laser by'ingenzi

Itandukaniro riri hagati yo gusukura neza no kwangiza ibintu riri mu gupima neza sisitemu ya laser.

• Ubwoko bwa Lazeri n'uburebure bw'umuraba:Fiber lasers ni yo ikoreshwa mu nganda muri izi porogaramu. Ubunini bw'umuraba wa1064 nmikoreshwa cyane, kuko yinjizwa cyane n'ibintu bihumanya ibidukikije ariko ntabwo yinjizwa n'ikirahure.

• Igihe umuvuduko w'ingufu umara n'ubucucike bw'ingufu:Gukoreshaimitsi migufi cyane(muri nanosecond range) ni ingenzi cyane. Uku gushyuha kw'ingufu vuba cyane bituma amavuta ahinduka umwuka mbere yuko ubushyuhe bukabije bukwirakwira mu kirahure, bikarinda kwangirika k'ubushyuhe. Ingufu zigomba gushyirwa neza hejuru y'umubare w'amavuta ariko mu buryo bwizewe munsi y'umubare w'amakuru y'ikirahure.

Gusuzuma Ubuziranenge bw'Ikirahure

Ikirahure cyose si kimwe, kandi isuzumabumenyi ry’umwuga ni ingenzi.

• Kurinda Ihungabana ry'Ubushyuhe:Impinduka zihuse mu bushyuhe zishobora gutuma ikirahure gicika. Ibipimo bya laser, harimo ingufu n'umuvuduko wo gupima, bigomba gucungwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushyuhe butera imbaraga. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje imiterere myiza—nk'ingufu za 60-70W ku muvuduko wo gupima wa 240 mm/s—bituma isuku ikorwa neza nta kwangirika.

• Ikirahure gishyushye kandi gitwikiriye:Inzugi z'ifuru zikoresha ikirahure gikonjeshwa n'ubushyuhe, ariko zimwe zishobora kuba zifite irangi ryihariye ridafite umwuka mwinshi (low-E). Irangi igomba gupimwa kugira ngo imiterere yayo idahungabana.

Umutekano w'umukoresha utegetswe

Gukoresha laser ifite imbaraga nyinshi ni akazi gakomeye gasaba ingamba z'umutekano zijyanye n'umwuga.

• Indorerwamo z'umutekano za laser:Iki ni cyo gikoresho cy’ingenzi cyane cyo kwirinda indwara (PPE). Umuntu wese uri aho akorera agomba kwambara indorerwamo z’umutekano zagenwe byihariye kugira ngo zihagarike uburebure bw’umuraba wa laser. Indorerwamo z’izuba zisanzwe cyangwa indorerwamo z’umutekano nta burinzi zitanga.

• Guhumeka no Gukuramo Imyuka:Amavuta yo gushyushya atuma habaho imyuka n'uduce duto two mu kirere.sisitemu yo gukuramo imyotsihamwe na HEPA na filters za karuboni zikora ni ngombwa kugira ngo ufate ibi bicuruzwa biteje akaga aho bikomoka.

• Abakozi bahuguwe:Sisitemu zo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser zigomba gukoreshwa gusa n'inzobere zabihuguriwe kandi zemewe kandi zisobanukiwe neza ibikoresho, imiterere yabyo mu mutekano, n'ingaruka z'imirasire ya laser.

Ibitekerezo bifatika n'imbogamizi: Igenzura ry'ukuri

Nubwo ifite ikoranabuhanga rihanitse, hari imbogamizi nyinshi zifatika muri iki gihe zituma gusukura hakoreshejwe laser bitaba igisubizo rusange mu ngo.

• Igiciro cy'ibanze kiri hejuru:Iyi ni yo mbogamizi ikomeye cyane. Sisitemu yo gusukura fibre laser yo mu rwego rw'inganda ya 100W ishobora kugabanyirizwa hagati ya$4,000 na $6,000, hamwe n’ibikoresho bikomeye bitwara amafaranga menshi cyane. Ibi bituma ikoranabuhanga ridashobora kugerwaho n’umutungo w’inzu ku giti cyayo ugereranije n’icupa ry’ifuru rya $10.

• Uburyo bwo kugerwaho no kwimurwa:Nubwo hariho imashini zisukura imirasire ya laser zikoreshwa mu ntoki, ntabwo zoroshye cyane nkuko izina ryazo ribivuga. Imashini isanzwe ya 200W iri ku igare ishobora gupima ibiro birenga 100, ndetse n'imashini "ipakiye mu gikapu" iracyapima ibiro bigera kuri 10. Ifite kandi ingufu nyinshi zikenewe, bigatuma zikoreshwa neza mu gusukura ibikoresho mu modoka.

• Gutegura ubuso:Gusukura hakoreshejwe laser birahebuje mu gukuraho uduce duto. Ku bisigazwa bya karuboni byinshi cyane kandi bifite imiterere yabyo, gukata imyanda yoroheje n'intoki bishobora kuba ngombwa kugira ngo laser ikore neza.

• Uburyo bwo gukoresha ibintu bitandukanye ugereranije n'uburyo burambuye:Umuvuduko wo gusukura ushingiye ku bipimo. Laser ifite imbaraga nyinshi (1000W+) ishobora gusukura ahantu hanini vuba, mu gihe laser ifite imbaraga nke (100W-500W) iba nziza ku kazi karambuye ariko igenda buhoro ku buso bunini. Amahitamo ashingira ku kuringaniza gukenerwa kw'umuvuduko ugereranije n'uburyo akazi gakorwamo.

Umwanzuro: Umwanzuro wa nyuma ku mavuta yo gusukura ifuru hakoreshejwe laser

Gusukura hakoreshejwe laser bigaragaza uburyo bwiza cyane, bufite imikorere kandi bunoze bwo gukuraho amavuta yokejwe mu kirahuri cyo mu ifuru. Bukora ku ihame ryemewe ryo gukuramo laser, butanga umuti udahumanya, udafite imiti, kandi utangiza ibidukikije, bigatuma ikirahuri gisukura neza kandi gisukuye.

Ariko, imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga ubu igarukira ku kubaibiciro biri hejuru, ingano, n'igikenewe cy'abakozi bahuguwe kandi bita ku mutekanoIbi bintu biyishyira mu rwego rw'ubucuruzi n'inganda muri iki gihe.

None se, gusukura hakoreshejwe laser ni byo bizagufasha kubungabunga ifuru mu gihe kizaza?

Ku ba nyir'inzu basanzwe, ntabwo biragera. Ntabwo bishoboka cyane gusimbuza siponji na spray mu gikoni vuba aha. Ariko kuriibikoni by'ubucuruzi, resitora, inganda zikora imigati, na serivisi z'isuku z'umwuga, isuku ya laser itanga inyungu ikomeye ku ishoramari binyuze mu gutanga inzira yihuse, itekanye kandi inoze yo gusukura ibikoresho bihenze.

Umwanzuro wa nyuma urasobanutse neza: gusukura hakoreshejwe laser niyo nzira idafite ishingiro yo gukuraho amavuta yo mu ifuru mu bijyanye n'ubushobozi bw'ikoranabuhanga. Nubwo igihe cyayo nk'igisubizo cy'abaguzi kitaragera, ubushobozi bwayo mu isi y'umwuga ni bwinshi kandi bumaze kugerwaho. Ni ishusho y'ejo hazaza aho imirimo ikomeye yo gusukura ikorwa atari ku ngufu zikomeye, ahubwo hakoreshejwe urumuri rusukuye.