Ubuyobozi bwuzuye bwa tekiniki bwo gusudira imirasire ya laser ku byuma bitagira icyuma

Ku bahanga, abakora ibikoresho, n'abashinzwe ibikorwa, ikibazo ni gihoraho: uburyo bwo guhuza ibice by'icyuma kidashonga neza nta guhindagurika, ibara rihinduka, no kugabanuka k'ubudahangarwa bw'ingese nk'uko bisanzwe bigenda. Umuti ni uyu: uburyo bwo guhuza ibice by'icyuma kidashonga neza nta guhindagurika, kwangirika kw'ibara, no kugabanuka k'ubudahangarwa bw'ingese.gusudira icyuma kitagira umwanda hakoreshejwe laser, ikoranabuhanga rihindura ibintu ritanga umuvuduko, ubushishozi, n'ubwiza budasanzwe TIG na MIG sudira bisanzwe bidashobora guhura nabyo.

Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bikoresha urumuri rwinshi cyane kugira ngo bishongeshe kandi bivange icyuma kitagira umugese hamwe n’ubushyuhe buke kandi bugenzurwa. Ubu buryo bukozwe neza bukemura ibibazo by’ingenzi byo guhindagurika k’ubushyuhe n’ingano y’ubushyuhe.

Ibyiza by'ingenzi byo gusudira icyuma gikozwe muri laser:

• Umuvuduko udasanzwe:Ikora vuba inshuro 4 kugeza ku 10 kurusha TIG welding, yongera cyane umusaruro n'umusaruro.

• Kugoreka guke:Ubushyuhe bwimbitse butuma agace gato cyane gafite ingaruka ku bushyuhe (HAZ), bigabanya cyane cyangwa bigakuraho guhindagurika kw'ibice, bikarinda ubuziranenge bw'ibice.

• Ubwiza bwo hejuru:Ikora imashini zo gusudira zisukuye, zikomeye kandi zinogeye ubwiza, zidasaba gusya cyangwa kurangiza nyuma yo gusudira.

• Imiterere y'ibikoresho byabitswe:Ubushyuhe buke butuma icyuma gikomeza gukomera no kudakomera ku ngufu, bikarinda ibibazo nko “kwangirika kw’ingufu”.

Iyi mfashanyigisho itanga ubumenyi bw'inzobere bukenewe kugira ngo uvane mu bumenyi bw'ibanze ugere ku ikoreshwa ryizewe, bikwemeza ko ushobora gukoresha ubushobozi bwose bw'ubu buryo bugezweho bwo gukora.

Gusudira hakoreshejwe laserUgereranije n'uburyo gakondo: Kugereranya ibintu uko byakabaye

Guhitamo inzira ikwiye yo gusudira ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo umushinga ugere ku ntego. Dore uburyo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bihangana na TIG na MIG mu gukoresha ibyuma bitagira imirasire.

Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ugereranije na TIG

Gusudira Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) bizwiho gusudira neza kandi hakoreshejwe intoki ariko biragoye gukomeza gukora neza mu gihe cy’umusaruro.

• Umuvuduko n'umusaruro:Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser byihuta cyane, bigatuma biba amahitamo meza yo gukora ibikoresho byikora kandi bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse.

• Ubushyuhe n'ihindagurika:Umuyoboro wa TIG ni isoko y'ubushyuhe idakora neza kandi ikwirakwiza ubushyuhe, bigatuma habaho ihindagurika rikomeye, cyane cyane ku byuma bito. Umuyoboro wa laser urinda ubu bushyuhe bwinshi.

• Kwikora ku buryo bwikora:Sisitemu za laser zoroshye gukoresha mu buryo bwikora, bigatuma habaho gukora ibintu byinshi kandi bishobora gusubiramo hamwe n'ubuhanga buke bwo gukoresha intoki ugereranyije na TIG.

Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ugereranije na MIG

Gusudira imyuka idakora neza (MIG) ni uburyo bworoshye kandi bukoreshwa cyane, ariko ntibufite ubuhanga nk'ubwa laser.

• Ubuziranenge n'Ubwiza:Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ni uburyo bwo kudakora ku ruhu butanga ubushuhe busukuye kandi butagira amacandwe. Gusudira MIG bishobora gutera amacandwe menshi asaba gusukurwa nyuma yo gusudira.

• Kwihanganira icyuho:Gusudira MIG bifasha cyane iyo ingingo zidahuye neza kuko insinga ikoreshwa ikora nk'iyuzuza. Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bisaba guhuza neza no kwihanganira ibintu bikomeye.

• Ubunini bw'ibikoresho:Nubwo laser ifite imbaraga nyinshi ishobora guhangana n'ibice binini, MIG ikunze kuba ingirakamaro cyane ku gice kinini cyane. Gusudira laser birakora neza iyo ibikoresho binini kugeza ku biciriritse aho kugenzura uburyo bwo kugoreka ari ingenzi cyane.

Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya uko ibintu bimeze mu buryo butunguranye

Ubumenyi bw'Uburinganire: Amahame y'ingenzi arasobanurwa

Gusobanukirwa uburyo laser ikorana n'icyuma kidashonga ni ingenzi mu kumenya neza icyo gikorwa. Ikora cyane cyane mu buryo bubiri butandukanye bugenwa n'ubucucike bw'ingufu.

Uburyo bwo Gutwara Ingufu Ugereranije n'Uburyo bwo Gufungura Ingufu

• Gusudira mu buryo bwo gutwara ibintu:Iyo ingufu z'amashanyarazi ari nkeya, laser ishyushya ubuso bw'ibikoresho, maze ubushyuhe "bugatera" igice. Ibi bituma habaho ubushuhe budakomeye, bwagutse, kandi bworoshye mu buryo bw'ubwiza, bukwiriye ibikoresho bito (munsi ya mm 1-2) cyangwa imigozi igaragara aho isura ari ingenzi cyane.

• Ubusudizi bw'urufunguzo (Kwinjira mu buryo bwimbitse):Iyo ingufu nyinshi (hafi 1.5 MW/cm²), laser ihita ihindura icyuma umwuka, igakora umwobo muremure kandi muto witwa "akantu ko gushyiramo imfunguzo." Aka kantu ko gushyiramo imfunguzo gafata ingufu za laser, kakayishyira mu bikoresho kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu buryo bukomeye kandi busesuye mu bice binini.

Umuraba Ukomeza (CW) ugereranije na Lazeri Irimo Guhindagura

• Umuraba uhoraho (CW):Lezeri itanga ingufu zidahinduka kandi zidahinduka. Ubu buryo ni bwiza cyane mu gukora imigozi miremire kandi ihoraho ku muvuduko wo hejuru mu gukora mu buryo bwikora.

• Umuvuduko wa Lazeri:Lezeri itanga ingufu mu buryo bwihuse kandi bukomeye. Ubu buryo butanga uburyo bwo kugenzura neza uburyo ubushyuhe bwinjiramo, bugabanya HAZ kandi bugatuma iba nziza mu gusudira ibice byoroshye kandi byoroheje, bishobora kwangirika mu bushyuhe cyangwa gukora utubumbe duhuza ahantu kugira ngo dupfundike neza.

Intambwe ku yindi y'ubuyobozi ku kwitegura neza

Mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, intsinzi igaragazwa mbere yuko icyuma gitangira gukora. Ubuhanga bwo gukora busaba itegurwa ryimbitse.

Intambwe ya 1: Gushushanya no Gushyira hamwe

Bitandukanye no gusudira arc, gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ntibishobora kwihanganira icyuho cyangwa imiterere mibi.

• Ubwoko bw'ingingo:Ingingo zo mu kibuno nizo zikora neza cyane ariko zisaba icyuho hafi ya zeru (ubusanzwe kiri munsi ya mm 0.1 ku bice bito). Ingingo zo mu kibuno zirushaho kumera neza mu buryo butandukanye bwo kumera neza.

• Kugenzura Icyuho:Icyuho kinini kizarinda ikidendezi gito cyashongeshejwe guhuza igice, bigatuma kidakora neza kandi kidakora neza. Koresha uburyo bwo gukata neza no gufunga neza kugira ngo urebe ko gihuye neza.

Intambwe ya 2: Gusukura ubuso no gukuraho umwanda

Ingufu nyinshi za laser zizahindura umwuka w’ibintu byose byanduye ku buso, bizifatire mu cyuma gisudiramo amazi, bigatera inenge nk’imyenge.

• Isuku ni ingenzi cyane:Ubuso bugomba kuba budafite amavuta, amavuta, ivumbi n'ibisigazwa by'ubutare.

• Uburyo bwo gusukura:Hanagura aho ingingo zihurira n'igitambaro kidafite irangi cyinjijwe mu kintu kidahinduka nka asetone cyangwa 99% isopropyl alcohol mbere yo gusudira.

Gukoresha imashini neza: Gukoresha neza ibipimo by'ingenzi byo gusudira

Kugira ngo umuntu agere ku gusudira neza bisaba kuringaniza ibintu byinshi bifitanye isano.

Itsinda ry'ibipimo bitatu: Imbaraga, Umuvuduko, n'umwanya w'ibanze

Izi genamiterere eshatu zigena hamwe ingufu zinjira n'imiterere y'ubushude.

• Ingufu za Lazeri (W):Ingufu nyinshi zituma umuntu yinjira cyane kandi zigahita zihuta. Ariko, ingufu nyinshi zishobora gutuma ibintu bito bicika.

• Umuvuduko wo gusudira (mm/s):Umuvuduko wihuta ugabanya uburyo ubushyuhe bwinjira n'uburyo buhindagurika. Iyo umuvuduko uri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'urwego rw'ingufu, bishobora gutuma umuriro udakwirakwira neza.

• Umwanya w'ibanze:Ibi bihindura ingano y'aho laser iherereye n'ubucucike bw'ingufu zayo. Kwibanda ku buso birema ubushuhe bwimbitse kandi buto cyane. Kwibanda hejuru y'ubuso (defocus nziza) birema ubushuhe bwo kwisiga bwagutse kandi buto cyane. Kwibanda munsi y'ubuso (defocus mbi) bishobora kongera kwinjira mu bikoresho binini.

Guhitamo Gazi Irinda: Argon vs. Azote

Imyuka irinda ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe irinda kwanduzwa n'ikirere kandi igatuma inzira ikomeza.

• Argon (Ar):Amahitamo akunze kugaragara cyane, atanga uburinzi bwiza kandi agatanga imiyoboro ihamye kandi isukuye.

• Azote (N2):Akenshi ikundwa cyane mu byuma bitangiza ibyuma, kuko bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese mu gice cya nyuma.

• Igipimo cy'amazi anyuramo:Umuvuduko w'amazi ugomba kunozwa. Umuvuduko muto cyane ntushobora kurinda umuvuduko, mu gihe mwinshi cyane ushobora guteza imvururu no gukurura umwanda. Umuvuduko w'amazi kuva kuri litiro 10 kugeza kuri 25 ku munota (L/min) ni wo mubare usanzwe utangirwaho.

Ingingo zo Gutangiriraho Ibipimo: Imbonerahamwe y'Icyitegererezo

Ibi bikurikira ni byo bintu rusange byo gutangiriraho gusudira icyuma gikozwe muri 304/316. Buri gihe kora ibizamini ku bikoresho byasigaye kugira ngo urusheho kubikoresha neza.

Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge: Inzira yo Gukemura Ibibazo ku Neza Zisanzwe

Nubwo haba hari inzira nyayo, inenge zishobora kubaho. Gusobanukirwa icyabiteye ni ingenzi mu kwirinda.

Kumenya inenge zisanzwe zo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser

• Ubwinshi bw'amabara:Udupira duto twa gaze twafatiwe mu cyuma, akenshi duterwa n'ubwandu bw'ikirere cyangwa ubwikorezi budakwiye bwa gaze.

• Gushyuha cyane:Imyanya yo hagati ihinduka uko umushongi ukomeza gukomera, rimwe na rimwe bitewe n'imiterere y'ibikoresho cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi.

• Kwinjira mu buryo butuzuye:Ubusoda ntibushobora kwinjira mu bujyakuzimu bwose bw'ingingo, akenshi bitewe n'imbaraga zidahagije cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije.

• Gukata hasi:Umuyoboro washongeshejwe mu cyuma cyo hasi ku nkengero z'umuyoboro, akenshi uterwa n'umuvuduko ukabije cyangwa icyuho kinini.

• Gutanyagura:Ibitonyanga byashongeshejwe biva muri pisine ikoreshwa mu gusudira, akenshi bituruka ku bucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi cyangwa kwanduzwa n'ubuso.

Imbonerahamwe yo Gukemura Ibibazo: Impamvu n'Ibisubizo

Intambwe za nyuma: Gusukura no gusukura nyuma yo gusudira

Uburyo bwo gusudira bwangiza imiterere ituma icyuma kitagira imitako kitagira imitako. Kugisana ni intambwe ya nyuma isabwa.

Impamvu udashobora gusimbuka uburyo bwo kuvura nyuma yo gusudira

Ubushyuhe buturuka ku gusudira bwangiza urwego rudagaragara rwa chromium-oxide rurinda icyuma ku buso bw'icyuma. Ibi bituma isudi n'ibintu biyikikije bishobora kwangizwa n'ingese n'ingufu.

Uburyo bwo gukoresha Passivation bwasobanuwe

Passivation ni uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe imiti ikuraho imyanda yo ku buso kandi igafasha mu kuvugurura urwego rukomeye rwa chromium-oxide.

• Gutoragura imiti:Uburyo gakondo bukoresha aside ziteje akaga nka nitrike na aside hydrofluoric kugira ngo isukure kandi inyure ubuso.

• Gusukura hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi:Uburyo bugezweho, bwizewe kandi bwihuse bukoresha amazi yoroheje ya electrolytic hamwe n'amashanyarazi make kugira ngo isukure kandi inyure mu ntambwe imwe.

Umutekano Mbere ya Byose: Amabwiriza y'ingenzi yo kwirinda gusudira hakoreshejwe laser

Imiterere y'ingufu nyinshi zo gusudira hakoreshejwe imirasire ya laser itera ibyago bikomeye ku kazi bisaba amabwiriza akomeye y'umutekano.

Akaga kari mu kaga: Umwotsi wa Chromium (Cr(VI)) ufite ibara rya hexavalent

Iyo icyuma kitagira umugese gishyushye kugeza ku bushyuhe bwo gusudira, chromium iri muri alloy ishobora gukora chromium ifite uburebure bwa hexavalent (Cr (VI)), ikaba igenda mu kirere mu mwotsi.

• Ingaruka ku buzima:Cr (VI) ni kanseri izwiho kuba mu bantu ifitanye isano n’ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y’ibihaha. Ishobora kandi gutera ububabare bukomeye mu myanya y’ubuhumekero, uruhu, n’amaso.

• Imipaka yo Guhura n'Ibibazo:OSHA ishyiraho itegeko rihamye ryemewe ryo gupima umwuka (PEL) rya mikorogarama 5 kuri buri metero kibe y'umwuka (5 µg/m³) kuri Cr(VI).

Ingamba z'ingenzi z'umutekano

• Igenzura ry'Ubwubatsi:Uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda abakozi ni ugufata icyago aho cyaturutse.sisitemu yo gukuramo imyotsihamwe n'akayunguruzo ka HEPA k'ibice byinshi ni ingenzi kugira ngo hafatwe uduce duto cyane twakozwe no gusudira hakoreshejwe laser.

• Ibikoresho byo Kwirinda Umuntu ku Giti cye (PPE):Abakozi bose bo muri ako gace bagomba kwambara indorerwamo z’umutekano za laser zigenwa hakurikijwe uburebure bw’umurambararo wa laser. Niba gukuramo umwuka bidashobora kugabanya ubwiyongere bw’ingufu munsi ya PEL, hakenewe imashini zihumeka zemewe. Igikorwa cyo gusudira kigomba kandi gukorerwa mu gipangu kidacamo urumuri gifite imfuruka z’umutekano kugira ngo hirindwe ko imirasire yagwa mu buryo butunguranye.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwiza bwa laser bwo gusudira ibyuma bitagira umugese?

Muri rusange, fibre lasers ni zo zihitamo neza bitewe n'uburebure bwazo bugufi, bushobora kwinjizwa mu byuma bita fluffy, ndetse n'ubwiza bwazo bwiza bwo kugenzura neza.

Ese ushobora gusudira ibyuma bitagira umugese mu buryo bwa laser?

Yego, gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bigira akamaro cyane mu guhuza ubunini butandukanye hamwe no kugorama guke kandi nta gutwika igice gito, akazi kagoye cyane mu gusudira TIG.

Ese insinga zuzuza ni ngombwa mu gusudira icyuma kitagira umugese hakoreshejwe laser?

Akenshi, oya. Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bishobora gukora imashini zikomeye kandi zinjira neza zidafite ibikoresho byuzuza (autogenously), ibyo bikaba byoroshya inzira. Insinga zuzuza zikoreshwa iyo igishushanyo mbonera cy’impande gifite icyuho kinini cyangwa iyo hakenewe imiterere yihariye y’icyuma.

Ni ubuhe bunini ntarengwa bw'icyuma kitagira umugese gishobora gusukurwa na laser?

Ukoresheje sisitemu zikoresha ingufu nyinshi, birashoboka gusudira icyuma kitagira umugese kugeza kuri 1/4" (6mm) cyangwa ndetse n'ubunini mu buryo bumwe. Uburyo bwa hybrid laser-arc bushobora gusudira ibice bifite ubugari bwa santimetero imwe.

Umwanzuro

Ibyiza byo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser mu muvuduko, ubuziranenge, n'ubwiza bituma iba amahitamo meza mu gukora ibyuma bigezweho bitarangwamo imitako. Bitanga ingingo zikomeye kandi zisukuye kandi zidafite imitako, bigatuma ibikoresho bigumana ubuziranenge n'isura nziza.

Ariko, kugera kuri ibi bisubizo byo ku rwego rw'isi biterwa n'uburyo buhuriweho. Intsinzi ni umusozo w'uruhererekane rw'inganda rufite ubuhanga bwo gukora ibintu—kuva ku gutegura neza no kugenzura ibipimo kugeza ku gusimbuza nyuma yo gusudira no kwiyemeza umutekano mu buryo buhamye. Umaze kumenya neza iyi gahunda, ushobora gufungura urwego rushya rw'imikorere myiza n'ubwiza mu bikorwa byawe.