Ubuyobozi Bwuzuye bwa Tekinike Kuri Laser Beam Gusudira Ibyuma

Ku ba injeniyeri, abahimbyi, n'abashinzwe ibikorwa, imbogamizi zihoraho: uburyo bwo guhuza ibyuma bitagira umwanda utarinze kurigata, guhindura ibara, no kugabanya ruswa yangiza uburyo busanzwe. Igisubizo nilaser gusudira ibyuma bidafite ingese, tekinoroji ihindura itanga umuvuduko ntagereranywa, ubuziranenge, nubwiza gakondo TIG na MIG gusudira ntibishobora guhura.

Gusudira Laser bifashisha urumuri rwinshi rwumucyo kugirango ushonge kandi uhuze ibyuma bitagira umwanda hamwe nubushyuhe buke, bugenzurwa. Ubu buryo butwarwa neza nuburyo bukemura ibibazo byibanze byo kugoreka ubushyuhe nubunini bwa weld.

Inyungu zingenzi za Laser Welding Icyuma:

• Umuvuduko udasanzwe:Ikora inshuro 4 kugeza 10 kurenza gusudira kwa TIG, byongera umusaruro cyane nibisohoka.

• Kugoreka Ntarengwa:Ubushyuhe bwibanze bwibanda kuri Zone ntoya cyane (HAZ), igabanya cyane cyangwa ikuraho imirwano, ikomeza igice cyukuri.

• Ubwiza buhebuje:Bitanga isuku, ikomeye, kandi ishimishije muburyo bwo gusudira busaba bike kugeza nta gusya nyuma cyangwa gusya.

• Ibikoresho byabitswe:Ubushyuhe buke bwinjiza bugumana imbaraga zicyuma zidafite imbaraga hamwe no kurwanya ruswa, bikarinda ibibazo nka "weld decay".

Aka gatabo gatanga ubumenyi bwinzobere bukenewe kugirango uve mubyifuzo byibanze ujye mubikorwa byizewe, urebe ko ushobora gukoresha imbaraga zose zubuhanga buhanitse bwo gukora.

Gusudira Laserva Uburyo bwa gakondo: Kugereranya Umutwe-Kuri-Umutwe

Guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gusudira nibyingenzi kugirango umushinga ugende neza. Dore uko gusudira laser byegeranye na TIG na MIG kubikoresho byuma bidafite ingese.

Gusudira Laser na TIG Welding

Teldsten Inert Gas (TIG) gusudira bizwiho ubuziranenge bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru, gusudira intoki ariko bigaharanira gukomeza umuvuduko mubidukikije.

• Umuvuduko & Umusaruro:Gusudira Laser birihuta cyane, bigatuma ihitamo neza kubikorwa byikora kandi binini cyane.

• Ubushyuhe & Kugoreka:TIG arc ni isoko idakora neza, ikwirakwiza ubushyuhe butanga HAZ nini, biganisha ku kugoreka cyane, cyane cyane kumpapuro zoroshye. Urumuri rwibanze rwa laser rurinda kwangirika kwinshi.

• Automation:Sisitemu ya Laser isanzwe yoroshye kuyikora, ituma amajwi menshi, asubirwamo hamwe nubuhanga buke bukenewe kuruta TIG.

Gusudira Laser na MIG Welding

Gusudira Metal Inert Gas (MIG) ni uburyo bwinshi, bwohereza cyane, ariko ntibubuze neza na laser.

• Icyitonderwa & Ubwiza:Gusudira Laser ni inzira idahuza itanga isuku, idafite spatter. MIG yo gusudira ikunda gusakara isaba nyuma yo gusudira.

• Kwihanganira icyuho:MIG gusudira cyane birababarira kubihuza bidahwitse kuko insinga zayo zikoreshwa zikora nkuzuza. Gusudira Laser bisaba guhuza neza no kwihanganira gukomeye.

• Ubunini bw'ibikoresho:Mugihe laseri ifite imbaraga nyinshi zishobora gukora ibice byimbitse, MIG akenshi irakoreshwa cyane kubisahani biremereye cyane. Gusudira lazeri birenze kubyibushye kandi biciriritse aho kugenzura kugoreka ari ngombwa.

Imbonerahamwe yo Kugereranya

Siyanse Inyuma ya Weld: Amahame yibanze Yasobanuwe

Gusobanukirwa uburyo lazeri ikorana nicyuma kitagira umwanda ni urufunguzo rwo kumenya inzira. Ikora cyane cyane muburyo bubiri butandukanye bugenwa nubucucike bwimbaraga.

Uburyo bwo kuyobora na Mode ya Keyhole

• Kuzenguruka:Ubucucike buke, laser ishyushya hejuru yibikoresho, kandi ubushyuhe "butwara" mubice. Ibi birema ubugari, ubugari, nuburyo bwiza bwo gusudira, byiza kubikoresho bito (munsi ya mm 1-2) cyangwa ibiboneka bigaragara aho bigaragara ari ngombwa.

• Urufunguzo (Kwinjira cyane) gusudira:Ubucucike buri hejuru (hafi 1.5 MW / cm²), lazeri ihita ihumeka icyuma, igakora umwobo muremure kandi muto witwa "urufunguzo." Urufunguzo rufata ingufu za lazeri, ruyinyuza mu bikoresho kugirango isuderi ikomeye, yuzuye-yinjira mu bice binini.

Umuhengeri uhoraho (CW) na Laser yasunitswe

• Umuhengeri uhoraho (CW):Lazeri itanga urumuri ruhoraho, rudahagarara. Ubu buryo ni bwiza bwo gukora birebire, bikomeza kumuvuduko mwinshi mubikorwa byikora.

• Gusunika Laser:Lazeri itanga imbaraga mugihe gito, gikomeye giturika. Ubu buryo butanga igenzura ryuzuye ryinjiza ubushyuhe, kugabanya HAZ no gukora neza gusudira ibice byoroshye, bitita ku bushyuhe cyangwa gukora ibibiriti bifatika kugirango ushireho kashe nziza.

Intambwe ku yindi Intambwe yo Kwitegura Kutagira inenge

Mu gusudira laser, intsinzi igenwa mbere yuko igiti gikora. Inzira isobanutse neza isaba kwitegura neza.

Intambwe ya 1: Igishushanyo mbonera hamwe na Fit-Up

Bitandukanye no gusudira arc, gusudira laser bifite kwihanganira bike cyane kubitandukanya cyangwa kudahuza.

• Ubwoko Bumwe:Guhuza ibibuno nibyiza cyane ariko bisaba icyuho cya zeru (mubisanzwe munsi ya 0.1 mm kubice bito). Guhuza ibice birababarira cyane gutandukana.

• Kugenzura icyuho:Icyuho kirenze urugero kizarinda pisine ntoya yashongeshejwe guhuza ingingo, biganisha ku guhuza kutuzuye hamwe no gusudira intege. Koresha uburyo bunoze bwo gukata hamwe no gukomera gukomeye kugirango urebe neza neza.

Intambwe ya 2: Gusukura hejuru no gukuraho umwanda

Imbaraga zikomeye za lazeri zizahindura imyuka yose yanduye, ikayifata muri weld kandi igatera inenge nkubushake.

• Isuku ni ngombwa:Ubuso bugomba kuba butarimo amavuta, amavuta, umukungugu, hamwe nibisigazwa.

• Uburyo bwo kweza:Ihanagura ahantu hamwe hamwe nigitambara kitarimo linti cyashizwe mumashanyarazi ihindagurika nka acetone cyangwa 99% alcool isopropyl ako kanya mbere yo gusudira.

Kumenya Imashini: Kunoza ibipimo by'ingenzi byo gusudira

Kugera kuri weld nziza bisaba kuringaniza ibintu byinshi bihujwe.

Ikigereranyo cya Parameter: Imbaraga, Umuvuduko, nu mwanya wibanze

Igenamiterere uko ari itatu rishyira hamwe rigena ingufu zinjiza hamwe nu mwirondoro.

• Imbaraga za Laser (W):Imbaraga zisumbuye zituma byinjira cyane kandi byihuta. Nyamara, imbaraga zikabije zirashobora gutera gutwikwa kubikoresho bito.

• Umuvuduko wo gusudira (mm / s):Umuvuduko wihuse ugabanya ubushyuhe no kugoreka. Niba umuvuduko ari mwinshi kurwego rwimbaraga, birashobora kuvamo kwinjira bituzuye.

• Umwanya wibanze:Ibi bihindura ubunini bwa laser nubunini bwimbaraga. Kwibanda ku buso birema byimbitse, bigufi. Icyerekezo kiri hejuru yubuso (defocus positif) kirema ubugari bwagutse, buto bwo kwisiga. Kwibanda munsi yubuso (defocus negative) birashobora kongera kwinjira mubikoresho byimbitse.

Gukingira Gazi Guhitamo: Argon na Azote

Gukingira gaze birinda ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe cyanduye ikirere kandi kigakomeza inzira.

• Argon (Ar):Guhitamo cyane, gutanga uburinzi buhebuje no gutanga umusaruro uhamye, usukuye.

• Azote (N2):Akenshi bikundwa nicyuma kitagira umwanda, kuko gishobora kongera imbaraga zanyuma zo kurwanya ruswa.

• Igipimo cyo gutemba:Igipimo cyo gutembera kigomba kuba cyiza. Guto cyane bizananirwa kurinda gusudira, mugihe byinshi birashobora gutera imvururu no gushushanya ibyanduye. Igipimo cya litiro 10 kugeza kuri 25 kumunota (L / min) ni intangiriro yo gutangira.

Parameter Gutangirira Ingingo: Imbonerahamwe

Ibikurikira nuburyo rusange bwo gutangiriraho gusudira 304/316 austenitis ibyuma bitagira umuyonga. Buri gihe kora ibizamini kubikoresho bisakaye kugirango uhuze neza na progaramu yawe yihariye.

Kugenzura ubuziranenge: Igitabo gikemura ibibazo kubibazo bisanzwe

Ndetse hamwe nuburyo bunoze, inenge zirashobora kubaho. Gusobanukirwa n'impamvu yabyo nurufunguzo rwo kwirinda.

Kumenya Inenge Zisanzwe zo gusudira

• Ubwoba:Ibibyimba bito bya gaze byafatiwe muri weld, akenshi biterwa no kwanduza hejuru cyangwa gukingira gaze bidakwiye.

• Cracking Ashyushye:Hagati yumurongo ugaragara nkuko gusudira gukomera, rimwe na rimwe bitewe nibintu bigize ibintu cyangwa guhangayika cyane.

• Kwinjira bituzuye:Weld yananiwe guhuza binyuze mubwimbitse bwose, mubisanzwe biturutse kububasha budahagije cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije.

• Undercut:Urusenda rwashonge mu cyuma fatizo ku nkombe ya weld, akenshi biterwa n'umuvuduko ukabije cyangwa icyuho kinini.

• Spatter:Ibitonyanga bishongeshejwe bisohoka muri pisine isudira, mubisanzwe biturutse ku mbaraga nyinshi cyane cyangwa kwanduza hejuru.

Imbonerahamwe yo gukemura ibibazo: Impamvu n'ibisubizo

Intambwe Zanyuma: Nyuma yo gusukura nyuma ya Weld hamwe na Passivation

Igikorwa cyo gusudira cyangiza imitungo ikora ibyuma bitagira umwanda "bitagira umwanda." Kubagarura ni intambwe yanyuma iteganijwe.

Impamvu udashobora kureka kwivuza nyuma yo gusudira

Ubushyuhe buva mu gusudira bwangiza igice kitagaragara, kirinda chromium-oxyde hejuru yicyuma. Ibi bisiga gusudira hamwe na HAZ ikikije bishobora kwibasirwa n'ingese.

Uburyo bwa Passivation bwasobanuwe

Passivation nubuvuzi bwimiti ikuraho ibyanduye kandi bigafasha kuvugurura urwego rukomeye rwa chromium-oxyde.

• Gutoranya imiti:Uburyo gakondo ukoresheje acide zangiza nka acide nitric na hydrofluoric kugirango usukure kandi unyuze hejuru.

• Isuku ry'amashanyarazi:Uburyo bugezweho, butekanye, kandi bwihuse bukoresha amazi yoroheje ya electrolytike hamwe numuyoboro muke muto kugirango usukure kandi unyuze muri weld mu ntambwe imwe.

Umutekano Icyambere: Icyitonderwa Cyingenzi cyo gusudira Laser

Imiterere-yingufu nyinshi yo gusudira laser itangiza ingaruka zikomeye zakazi zisaba protocole yumutekano ikomeye.

Akaga kihishe: Chromium Hexavalent (Cr (VI)) Umwotsi

Iyo ibyuma bidafite ingese bishyushye kugirango ubushyuhe bwo gusudira, chromium iri mu mavuta irashobora gukora chromium ya hexavalent (Cr (VI)), ihinduka umwuka mubi.

• Ingaruka z'ubuzima:Cr (VI) ni kanseri izwi ya muntu ifitanye isano no kwiyongera kwa kanseri y'ibihaha. Irashobora kandi gutera ubuhumekero bukabije, uruhu, no kurwara amaso.

• Imipaka ntarengwa:OSHA ishyiraho imipaka ntarengwa yemewe (PEL) ya microgramo 5 kuri metero kibe yumuyaga (5 µg / m³) kuri Cr (VI).

Ingamba zingenzi zumutekano

• Igenzura ryubwubatsi:Uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kurinda abakozi nugufata ibyago aho bituruka. Gukora nezasisitemu yo gukuramo fumehamwe nibyiciro byinshi HEPA muyunguruzi ni ngombwa kugirango ufate uduce duto twa ultrafine twakozwe na laser welding.

• Ibikoresho byo Kurinda Umuntu (PPE):Abakozi bose bo muri ako karere bagomba kwambara ibirahuri byumutekano bya laser byerekanwe kuburebure bwihariye bwa laser. Niba gukuramo umwotsi bidashobora kugabanya kugaragara munsi ya PEL, birakenewe guhumeka neza. Igikorwa cyo gusudira kigomba kandi gukorwa mu kigo kitagira urumuri hamwe n’umutekano kugira ngo wirinde impanuka zitunguranye.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo)

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwiza bwa laser bwo gusudira ibyuma bidafite ingese?

Lazeri ya fibre muri rusange niyo ihitamo ryiza bitewe nuburebure buke bwumuraba, ibyo bikaba byoroshye kwinjizwa nicyuma kitagira umwanda, hamwe nubwiza buhebuje bwo kugenzura neza.

Urashobora laser gusudira ubunini butandukanye bwibyuma bidafite ingese hamwe?

Nibyo, gusudira laser bifite akamaro kanini muguhuza umubyimba utandukanye no kugoreka gake kandi nta gutwika igice cyoroshye, umurimo utoroshye cyane no gusudira TIG.

Ese insinga zuzuza zirakenewe kugirango laser yo gusudira ibyuma bidafite ingese?

Akenshi, oya. Gusudira Laser birashobora kubyara imbaraga, zuzuye-zuzuye zidafite ibikoresho byuzuza (autogenously), byoroshya inzira. Umugozi wuzuza ukoreshwa mugihe igishushanyo gihuriweho gifite icyuho kinini cyangwa mugihe hakenewe ibintu byihariye bya metallurgiki.

Nubuhehejuru ntarengwa bwibyuma bitagira umwanda bishobora gusudira laser?

Hamwe na sisitemu ifite ingufu nyinshi, birashoboka gusudira ibyuma bitagira umuyonga kugeza kuri 1/4 ″ (6mm) cyangwa ndetse binini cyane muri pass imwe. Hybrid laser-arc inzira irashobora gusudira ibice hejuru ya santimetero imwe.

Umwanzuro

Ibyiza byo gusudira bya Laser mu muvuduko, mu buryo bwuzuye, no mu bwiza bituma uhitamo icyiza cyo guhimba ibyuma bigezweho. Itanga ingingo zikomeye, zisukuye hamwe no kugoreka bidasubirwaho, zirinda ubusugire bwibintu no kugaragara.

Ariko, kugera kuri ibyo bisubizo ku rwego rwisi biterwa nuburyo bwuzuye. Intsinzi ni indunduro y’urunani rukora neza - kuva mu gutegura neza no kugenzura ibipimo ngenderwaho kugeza kuri passiyo ya nyuma ya weld no kwiyemeza kutajegajega ku mutekano. Ukoresheje neza iki gikorwa, urashobora gufungura urwego rushya rwimikorere nubuziranenge mubikorwa byawe.