Igitabo Cyuzuye Kuri Gukata Aluminium

Urashaka guhimba ibice byuzuye, bigoye bya aluminiyumu hamwe nurangiza utagira inenge? Niba urambiwe imbogamizi hamwe nisuku ya kabiri isabwa nuburyo gakondo bwo gukata, gukata lazeri bishobora kuba igisubizo cyambere ukeneye. Iri koranabuhanga ryahinduye ibihimbano, ariko aluminiyumu itanga imbogamizi zidasanzwe bitewe na kamere yayo yerekana hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.

Muri iki gitabo, tuzasesengura ibintu byose ukeneye kumenya kubyerekeye gukata aluminium. Tuzasenya uburyo inzira ikora, inyungu zingenzi, intambwe-ku-ntambwe yo gukora kuva mubishushanyo kugeza igice cyarangiye, nibikoresho bya ngombwa ukeneye. Tuzareba kandi ibibazo bya tekiniki nuburyo bwo kubitsinda, tumenye ko ushobora kugera ku ntera nziza buri gihe.

Laser Gukata Aluminium Niki kandi Bikora gute?

Gukata lazeri nuburyo budahuza ubushyuhe bwumuriro bukoresha urumuri rwinshi rwumucyo kugirango ucemo ibikoresho bifite ukuri kudasanzwe. Nibyingenzi, inzira nubufatanye bwiza hagati yingufu zibanze hamwe nubukanishi.

• Inzira y'ibanze:Inzira itangira iyo generator ya laser ikora urumuri rukomeye, ruhuza urumuri. Uru rumuri ruyoborwa nindorerwamo cyangwa umugozi wa fibre optique kugeza kumashini ikata. Hano, lens yibanda kumurongo wose kumurongo umwe, microscopique hejuru ya aluminium. Uku kwibanda kwingufu guhita gushyushya icyuma cyashize aho gishonga (660.3∘C / 1220.5∘F), bigatuma ibintu biri munzira yumuti ushonga kandi bigahinduka umwuka.

• Uruhare rwo Gufasha Gasi:Mugihe lazeri yashonga aluminiyumu, indege yumuvuduko mwinshi wa gaze ya gaz irasa binyuze mumutwe umwe. Kuri aluminium, buri gihe hafi ya azote-yera cyane. Iyi ndege ya gaze ifite imirimo ibiri: icya mbere, isohora ku gahato ibyuma bishongeshejwe mu nzira yaciwe (kerf), bikabuza kongera gukomera no gusiga inkombe isukuye, idafite umwanda. Icya kabiri, ikonjesha agace gakikije gukata, bigabanya kugoreka ubushyuhe.

• Ibipimo by'ingenzi kugirango bigerweho:Kugabanya ubuziranenge nigisubizo cyo kuringaniza ibintu bitatu byingenzi:

  • Imbaraga za Laser (Watts):Kugena ingufu zitangwa. Imbaraga nyinshi zirakenewe kubikoresho binini cyangwa umuvuduko wihuse.

  • Gukata Umuvuduko:Igipimo aho umutwe uca ugenda. Ibi bigomba guhuzwa neza nimbaraga kugirango bigabanye byuzuye, bisukuye udashyushye cyane.

  • Ubwiza bw'igiti:Yerekana uburyo urumuri rushobora kwibandwaho. Igiti cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru ni ngombwa mu gukusanya ingufu neza, zikaba ari ingenzi mu guca ibintu byerekana nka aluminium.

Inyungu zingenzi zo Gukata Laser

Guhitamo laser gukata aluminiyumu bitanga inyungu zingenzi muburyo bukera nka plasma cyangwa gukata imashini. Inyungu zibanze ziri mubyiciro bitatu: ubuziranenge, gukora neza, no kubika ibikoresho.

• Icyitonderwa & Ubwiza:Gukata lazeri bisobanurwa nukuri. Irashobora gutanga ibice bifite kwihanganira cyane, akenshi muri ± 0.1 mm (± 0.005 santimetero), bigatuma habaho geometrike igoye kandi igoye. Impande zavuyemo ziroroshye, zityaye, kandi hafi ya burr-yubusa, akenshi bivanaho gukenera igihe kinini kandi gihenze icyiciro cya kabiri cyo kurangiza nko gusiba cyangwa kumusenyi.

• Imikorere & Umuvuduko: Gukata Laserbirihuta cyane kandi neza. Kerf ifunganye (gukata ubugari) bivuze ko ibice bishobora "guterwa" hafi cyane kurupapuro rwa aluminiyumu, gukoresha ibikoresho cyane no kugabanya cyane imyanda isigaye. Ibi bikoresho hamwe nigihe cyo kuzigama bituma inzira ihenze cyane kuri prototyping hamwe nini nini ikora.

• Ubushyuhe buke:Inyungu nyamukuru ni agace gato cyane gaterwa nubushyuhe (HAZ). Kubera ko ingufu za lazeri zibanda cyane kandi zikagenda vuba, ubushyuhe ntibufite umwanya wo gukwirakwiza mubintu bikikije. Ibi birinda ubushyuhe nuburinganire bwa aluminiyumu kugeza ku nkombe yo gukata, ni ingenzi cyane ku bikoresho bikora neza. Iragabanya kandi ibyago byo kurigata no kugoreka, cyane cyane kumpapuro zoroshye.

Gukata Laser Inzira: Intambwe ku yindi

Guhindura dosiye ya digitale mubice bya aluminiyumu ikurikira ikurikira neza, itunganijwe neza.

1. Igishushanyo & Gutegura:Inzira itangirana na 2D igishushanyo mbonera cyakozwe muri software ya CAD (nka AutoCAD cyangwa SolidWorks). Iyi dosiye itegeka inzira nyayo yo guca inzira. Kuri iki cyiciro, aluminiyumu iboneye (urugero, 6061 ku mbaraga, 5052 yo guhinduka) n'ubugari byatoranijwe kubisabwa.

2. Gushiraho imashini:Umukoresha ashyira urupapuro rwiza rwa aluminiyumu ku buriri bwa laser. Imashini yo guhitamo hafi ya fibre fibre, kuko ikora cyane kuri aluminium kuruta lazeri ya CO2 ishaje. Umukoresha yemeza ko intumbero yibanze ifite isuku kandi sisitemu yo gukuramo umwotsi irakora.

3. Gushyira mu bikorwa & Kugenzura ubuziranenge:Idosiye ya CAD iraremerewe, kandi uyikoresha yinjiza ibipimo byo kugabanya (imbaraga, umuvuduko, umuvuduko wa gaze). Intambwe ikomeye ni ugukora agukata ikizaminiku gipande. Ibi bituma uhuza neza igenamiterere kugirango ugere kumurongo wuzuye, udafite inkomyi mbere yo gukora akazi kuzuye. Gukora ibicuruzwa byikora noneho bigakurikiranwa kugirango bihamye.

4. Nyuma yo gutunganya:Nyuma yo gukata, ibice bivanwa kurupapuro. Turashimira ubuziranenge bwo gukata laser, nyuma yo gutunganya ni nto. Ukurikije ibisabwa byanyuma, igice gishobora gukenera gucana cyangwa gusukura, ariko mubihe byinshi, cyiteguye gukoreshwa ako kanya.

Ibibazo bya tekinike n'ibisubizo

Imiterere yihariye ya Aluminiyumu irerekana inzitizi nke za tekiniki, ariko tekinoroji igezweho ifite ibisubizo byiza kuri buri.

• Kugaragaza cyane:Aluminium isanzwe igaragaza urumuri, mu mateka bigatuma bigorana gukata lazeri ya CO2.

  Igisubizo:Laser ya kijyambere ikoresha uburebure bugufi bwumucyo winjizwa cyane na aluminium, bigatuma inzira ihamye kandi yizewe.

• Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane:Aluminium ikwirakwiza ubushyuhe vuba. Niba ingufu zidatanzwe vuba bihagije, ubushyuhe bukwirakwira aho gukata, biganisha kubisubizo bibi.

  Igisubizo:Koresha imbaraga-ndende, yibanze cyane ya lazeri kugirango ushire ingufu mubintu byihuse kuruta uko bishobora kugenda.

• Igice cya Oxide:Aluminiyumu ihita ikora urwego rukomeye, rubonerana rwa aluminium oxyde hejuru yacyo. Iki gipimo gifite aho gishonga cyane kuruta aluminiyumu ubwayo.

  Igisubizo:Lazeri igomba kuba ifite ingufu zihagije kugirango "ikubite" murwego rwo kurinda mbere yuko itangira guca icyuma munsi.

Guhitamo Ibikoresho Byiza: Fibre na CO2 Laser

Mugihe ubwoko bwombi bwa laser bubaho, bumwe nuwatsinze neza kuri aluminium.

Ibibazo (Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa)

Ubunini bwurupapuro rwa aluminiyumu rushobora gukata laser?Ibi biterwa rwose nimbaraga zo gukata laser. Imashini ifite imbaraga nkeya (1-2kW) irashobora gukora kugeza kuri 4-6mm neza. Ingufu zikomeye zinganda za fibre (6kW, 12kW, cyangwa irenga) irashobora guca neza aluminiyumu ifite 25mm (1 cm) yuburebure cyangwa irenga.

Kuki gaze ya azote ari ngombwa mugukata aluminium?Azote ni gaze ya inert, bivuze ko idakora na aluminiyumu yashongeshejwe. Gukoresha umwuka uhumanye cyangwa ogisijeni byatera inkombe zishyushye gushiramo okiside, hasigara iherezo, ryirabura, kandi ridakoreshwa. Uruhare rwa azote rufite ubukanishi gusa: rujugunya icyuma gishongeshejwe neza kandi rukarinda inkombe ishyushye ya ogisijeni, bikavamo kurangiza neza, kurabagirana neza gusudira.

Gukata laser birashobora guteza akaga?Nibyo, gukoresha laser inganda zose zisaba protocole yumutekano. Ibyago nyamukuru birimo:

• Ijisho & Uruhu rwangiritse:Inganda zikoreshwa mu nganda (Icyiciro cya 4) zirashobora gutera ako kanya kwangirika kwamaso biturutse kumirongo itaziguye cyangwa igaragara.

• Umwotsi:Inzira ikora ivumbi rya aluminiyumu rishobora gufatwa na sisitemu yo guhumeka no kuyungurura.

• Umuriro:Ubushyuhe bukabije burashobora kuba isoko yo gutwika.

Kugira ngo izo ngaruka zigabanuke, imashini zigezweho zuzuyemo idirishya ryirebera neza, kandi abayikora bagomba guhora bakoresha ibikoresho bikingira umuntu (PPE), harimo ibirahure byumutekano byagenwe nuburebure bwihariye bwa laser.

Umwanzuro

Mugusoza, gukata lazeri nubu guhitamo kwambere mugukora ibice bya aluminiyumu mugihe neza kandi bifite ireme cyane. Ibikoresho bya kijyambere bya fibre byakemuye ibibazo bishaje, bigatuma inzira yihuta kandi yizewe. Zitanga ubunyangamugayo bukomeye kandi bworoshye busanzwe bukenera akazi gake cyangwa ntakazi. Byongeye, bitera ubushyuhe buke cyane, bigatuma aluminium ikomera.

Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rikomeye, ibisubizo byiza biva mugukoresha ibikoresho byiza nabakoresha ubuhanga. Guhindura igenamiterere nkimbaraga, umuvuduko, nigitutu cya gaze ni ngombwa cyane. Gukora ibizamini byo kugabanya no guhindura imashini bifasha abahimbyi kubona ibisubizo byiza. Ubu buryo, barashobora gukora ibice bya aluminiyumu kugirango bakoreshwe.