Ubuyobozi bwuzuye bwo gukata aluminiyumu hakoreshejwe laser

Urashaka gukora ibice bya aluminiyumu neza kandi bigoye kandi bifite irangi ritunganye? Niba urambiwe inzitizi n'isuku ya kabiri isabwa n'uburyo gakondo bwo gukata, gukata hakoreshejwe laser bishobora kuba igisubizo gigezweho ukeneye. Iri koranabuhanga ryahinduye imikorere y'icyuma, ariko aluminiyumu ifite imbogamizi zidasanzwe bitewe n'imiterere yayo yo kugarura urumuri n'ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Muri iyi mfashanyigisho, tuzasuzuma byose ukeneye kumenya ku bijyanye na aluminiyumu ikata laser. Tuzasesengura uburyo iyi nzira ikora, inyungu z'ingenzi, intambwe ku yindi kuva ku gishushanyo kugeza ku gice cyarangiye, hamwe n'ibikoresho by'ingenzi ukeneye. Tuzavuga kandi ku mbogamizi za tekiniki n'uburyo bwo kuzikemura, tukareba ko ushobora kugera ku giciro cyiza buri gihe.

Aluminium yo gukata laser ni iki kandi ikora ite?

Gukata hakoreshejwe laser ni uburyo bukoresha ubushyuhe budakoresha amashanyarazi menshi cyane kugira ngo bucemo ibice mu buryo butangaje. Mu mizi yabwo, uburyo buhuza neza ingufu zishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga n’ubuhanga bwa mekanike.

• Inzira y'ingenzi:Iyi gahunda itangira igihe icyuma gitanga urumuri gikomeye kandi gihuye. Uyu murabyo uyoborwa binyuze mu ndorerwamo cyangwa insinga ya fiber optique ijya ku mutwe w'icyuma ukata. Aho ngaho, lens ishyira umurabyo wose ku gace kamwe ka microscopic ku buso bwa aluminiyumu. Iyi ngano y'ingufu ihita ishyushya icyuma ikarenga aho cyashongesherejwe (660.3∘C / 1220.5∘F), bigatuma ibikoresho biri mu nzira y'umurabyo bishonga kandi bigashonga.

• Uruhare rwa Gazi Ifasha:Iyo laser ishongesha aluminiyumu, umuvuduko mwinshi wa gaze uca mu munwa umwe. Kuri aluminiyumu, iyi ni azote ifite ubuziranenge bwinshi. Iyi ndege ya gaze ifite imirimo ibiri: iya mbere, ihuha cyane icyuma gishongeshejwe kikava mu nzira yaciwe (kerf), ikakibuza kongera gukomera no gusiga inkombe isukuye kandi idafite imyanda. Iya kabiri, ikonjesha agace gakikije aho cyaciwe, bigabanya ubushyuhe.

• Ibipimo by'ingenzi byo gutsinda:Kugabanya ubuziranenge ni ingaruka zo kuringaniza ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi:

  • Ingufu za Lazeri (Watts):Igena ingufu zingana iki. Ingufu nyinshi zirakenewe kugira ngo ibikoresho bibe byinshi cyangwa umuvuduko wihute.

  • Umuvuduko wo Kugabanya:Umuvuduko umutwe ukata ugenda. Ibi bigomba kuba bihuye neza n'imbaraga kugira ngo habeho gukata neza kandi kusukuye nta gushyushya cyane ibikoresho.

  • Ubwiza bw'umurabyo:Bivuga uburyo umuyoboro ushobora kuba ufashe neza. Umuyoboro mwiza ni ingenzi kugira ngo ingufu zihuzwe neza, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane mu gukata ibikoresho bigarura urumuri nka aluminiyumu.

Ibyiza by'ingenzi byo gukata aluminiyumu hakoreshejwe laser

Guhitamo gukata aluminiyumu hakoreshejwe laser bitanga inyungu zikomeye ugereranyije n'uburyo bwa kera nka plasma cyangwa imashini. Ibyiza by'ibanze biri mu byiciro bitatu: ubuziranenge, imikorere myiza, no kubungabunga ibikoresho.

• Ubuziranenge n'Ubwiza:Gukata hakoreshejwe laser bigaragazwa n'uburyo ikora neza. Ishobora gukora ibice bifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu bikomeye cyane, akenshi biri muri ± 0.1 mm (± 0.005 santimetero), bigatuma habaho ubuhanga buhambaye kandi bugoye. Impande zivuyemo ziba zoroshye, zityaye, kandi nta burr zirimo, ibyo akenshi bikuraho gukenera intambwe zo kurangiza zitwara igihe kinini kandi zihenze nko gukuraho ubushyuhe cyangwa gusya.

• Umusaruro n'umuvuduko: Ibikoresho byo gukata laserzihuta cyane kandi zikora neza. Ubugari buto (ubugari buciwe) bivuze ko ibice bishobora "gushyirwa" hafi cyane ku rupapuro rwa aluminiyumu, bigatuma ibikoresho bikoreshwa neza kandi bigabanura cyane imyanda y'ibisigazwa. Ibi bikoresho n'igihe bigabanya cyane bituma igikorwa gihendutse cyane haba mu gukora ibishushanyo mbonera ndetse no mu gukora ku bwinshi.

• Kwangirika guke k'ubushyuhe:Akamaro gakomeye ni agace gato cyane gafite ingaruka ku bushyuhe (HAZ). Kubera ko ingufu za laser ziba zihambaye kandi zigenda vuba cyane, ubushyuhe ntibugira umwanya wo gukwirakwira mu bikoresho bikikije. Ibi bibungabunga ubushyuhe n'imiterere ya aluminiyumu kugeza ku nkengero z'aho byaciwe, ibi bikaba ari ingenzi ku bice bifite imikorere myiza. Bigabanya kandi ibyago byo kugorama no kugorama, cyane cyane ku mpapuro ntoya.

Uburyo bwo Gukata Laser: Intambwe ku Ntambwe Ubuyobozi

Guhindura dosiye ya digitale mo igice cya aluminiyumu gifatika bikurikiza uburyo bwo gukora ibintu busobanutse kandi buri kuri gahunda.

1. Igishushanyo n'Itegurwa:Iyi gahunda itangirira ku gishushanyo mbonera cya 2D cyakozwe muri porogaramu ya CAD (nka AutoCAD cyangwa SolidWorks). Iyi dosiye igena inzira nyazo zo gukata. Muri iki cyiciro, hatoranywa aluminium alloy ikwiye (urugero, 6061 ku mbaraga, 5052 ku buryo bworoshye) n'ubugari byayo kugira ngo ikoreshwe.

2. Gushyiraho imashini:Umukoresha ashyira urupapuro rwa aluminiyumu rusukuye ku gitanda cy'icyuma gikata laser. Imashini ikunda cyane ni laser ya fiber, kuko ikora neza cyane kuri aluminiyumu kurusha laser za kera za CO2. Umukoresha agenzura ko lens igaragara neza kandi ko sisitemu yo gukuramo umwuka ikora neza.

3. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa n'Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge:Dosiye ya CAD irashyirwamo, maze umukozi ashyiramo ibipimo byo gukata (ingufu, umuvuduko, umuvuduko wa gaze). Intambwe y'ingenzi ni ugukoraikizamini cyo gukataku gice cy'imyanda. Ibi bituma habaho gutunganya neza igenamiterere kugira ngo habeho imiterere itunganye kandi idafite umwanda mbere yo gukora akazi kose. Hanyuma ikorwa ryikora rikurikiranwa kugira ngo harebwe ko rihoraho.

4. Nyuma yo Gutunganya:Nyuma yo gukata, ibice bikurwa ku rupapuro. Kubera ubwiza bwa laser, gutunganya nyuma y’aho bikorerwa akenshi biba bike. Bitewe n’ibisabwa bya nyuma, igice gishobora gukenera gukurwaho cyangwa gusukurwa byoroheje, ariko mu bihe byinshi, kiba cyiteguye gukoreshwa ako kanya.

Ibibazo bya tekiniki n'ibisubizo

Imiterere yihariye ya aluminiyumu itanga imbogamizi nke mu bya tekiniki, ariko ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rifite ibisubizo byiza kuri buri kimwe.

• Kugaragara cyane:Aluminiyumu igaragaza urumuri mu buryo busanzwe, ibyo bikaba byaratumaga bigorana gukata hakoreshejwe laser za CO2.

  Igisubizo:Imashini zigezweho zikoresha urumuri rugufi rw’uburebure runyurwamo neza na aluminiyumu, bigatuma inzira ihora ihamye kandi yizewe.

• Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwinshi:Aluminiyumu ikuraho ubushyuhe vuba cyane. Iyo ingufu zidatanzwe vuba bihagije, ubushyuhe burakwirakwira aho gucika, bigatera umusaruro mubi.

  Igisubizo:Koresha umuyoboro wa laser ufite imbaraga nyinshi kandi wibanda cyane kugira ngo wohereze ingufu mu bikoresho vuba kurusha uko byashobora kubitwara.

• Urupapuro rwa Okiside:Aluminiyumu ihita ikora urwego rukomeye kandi rubonerana rwa okiside ya aluminiyumu ku buso bwayo. Uru rwego rufite aho rushongesha cyane kurusha aluminiyumu ubwayo.

  Igisubizo:Laser igomba kuba ifite imbaraga zihagije kugira ngo "inyure" muri uru rugaga rw'uburinzi mbere yuko itangira gukata icyuma kiri munsi yarwo.

Guhitamo Ibikoresho Bikwiye: Fiber vs. CO2 Lasers

Nubwo ubwoko bwombi bwa laser buhari, bumwe muri bwo ni bwo bwatsinze kurusha ubundi.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)

Urupapuro rwa aluminiyumu rushobora gucibwa hakoreshejwe laser rungana iki?Ibi biterwa rwose n'imbaraga z'icyuma gikata laser. Imashini ikoresha ingufu nke (1-2kW) ishobora gukora neza kugeza kuri mm 4-6. Lasers zikoresha fibre nyinshi (6kW, 12kW, cyangwa zirenze) zishobora gukata aluminiyumu neza ifite ubugari bwa mm 25 (santimetero 1) cyangwa irenga.

Kuki umwuka wa azote ari ingenzi mu gukata aluminiyumu?Azote ni umwuka udakora neza, bivuze ko idahura na aluminiyumu ishongeshejwe. Gukoresha umwuka ufunze cyangwa ogisijeni byatuma impande zishyushye zihinduka ogisijeni, bigatuma irangi ritoshye, ryijimye kandi ridashobora gukoreshwa. Inshingano za azote ni ikoranabuhanga gusa: ihuha icyuma gishongeshejwe neza kandi ikarinda impande zishyushye ogisijeni, bigatuma irangi rirabagirana kandi rikwiriye gusudira.

Ese aluminiyumu ikata laser iteje akaga?Yego, gukoresha uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gukata laser mu nganda bisaba amabwiriza akomeye y’umutekano. Ingaruka nyamukuru zirimo:

• Kwangirika kw'amaso n'uruhu:Imirasire y'inganda (Class 4) ishobora kwangiza amaso ako kanya kandi burundu bitewe n'urumuri rugaragara cyangwa rugaragara.

• Imyuka:Iyi gahunda ikora ivumbi rya aluminiyumu rishobora guterwa n'uburyo bwo guhumeka no kuyungurura.

• Umuriro:Ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora kuba isoko y'umuriro.

Kugira ngo bagabanye izi ngaruka, imashini zigezweho zifunze neza zifite amadirishya yo kureba akoresha laser, kandi abazikoresha bagomba gukoresha ibikoresho byo kwirinda byihariye (PPE), harimo n'indorerwamo z'umutekano zipimirwa ku rugero rw'uburebure bwa laser.

Umwanzuro

Muri make, gukata hakoreshejwe laser ubu ni yo mahitamo meza mu gukora ibice bya aluminiyumu mu gihe ubuziranenge n'ubwiza ari byo ingenzi cyane. Fibre laser zigezweho zakemuye ibibazo bya kera, bituma inzira yihuta kandi yizewe. Zitanga ubuziranenge bwiza n'impande zoroshye akenshi zidakenera akazi kenshi cyangwa ntizigire ikindi kintu cyiyongereyeho. Byongeye kandi, ntizitera ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane, bigatuma aluminiyumu ikomeza gukomera.

Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rikomeye, umusaruro mwiza uturuka ku gukoresha ibikoresho bikwiye n'abakoresha babishoboye. Guhindura imiterere nk'ingufu, umuvuduko, n'umuvuduko wa gazi ni ingenzi cyane. Gukoresha igerageza no kuvugurura imashini bifasha abakora ibikoresho kubona umusaruro mwiza. Muri ubwo buryo, bashobora gukora ibice bya aluminiyumu byiza ku ikoreshwa iryo ari ryo ryose.