Porosity mu kuwotcherera laser ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limatanthauzidwa ngati ma voids odzazidwa ndi mpweya omwe amatsekeredwa mkati mwa chitsulo cholimba. Zimasokoneza mwachindunji kukhulupirika kwamakina, mphamvu zowotcherera, komanso moyo wotopa. Bukuli limapereka njira yachindunji, zothetsera-zoyamba, kuphatikizapo zomwe zapeza kuchokera kufukufuku waposachedwa pakupanga matabwa apamwamba ndi kayendetsedwe ka ndondomeko yoyendetsedwa ndi AI kuti afotokoze njira zochepetsera bwino kwambiri.
Kusanthula kwa Porosity: Zoyambitsa ndi Zotsatira zake
Porosity si vuto la njira imodzi; zimachokera ku zochitika zingapo zosiyana za thupi ndi mankhwala panthawi yowotcherera mofulumira. Kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa izi ndikofunika kuti muteteze bwino.
Zifukwa Zoyamba
Kuipitsidwa Pamwamba:Ichi ndiye gwero lodziwika bwino la metallurgical porosity. Zowononga monga chinyezi, mafuta, ndi mafuta zimakhala ndi haidrojeni yambiri. Pansi pa mphamvu yamphamvu ya laser, zinthuzi zimawola, ndikulowetsa ma elemental haidrojeni muchitsulo chosungunuka. Pamene dziwe la weld pool likuzizira ndi kulimba mofulumira, kusungunuka kwa haidrojeni kumatsika kwambiri, kumapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke kuti zipangike ma pores abwino, ozungulira.
Kusakhazikika kwa Keyhole:Ichi ndiye dalaivala wamkulu wa process porosity. Bowo lokhazikika la keyhole ndilofunika kuti pakhale phokoso. Ngati magawo a ndondomeko sanakwaniritsidwe (mwachitsanzo, liwiro la kuwotcherera ndilokwera kwambiri ku mphamvu ya laser), bowo la kiyi likhoza kusinthasintha, kukhala wosakhazikika, ndikugwa kwakanthawi. Kugwa kulikonse kumatsekera thumba la mpweya wothamanga kwambiri wachitsulo ndi mpweya wotchinga mkati mwa dziwe losungunuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zing'onozing'ono zosaoneka bwino.
Kusatetezedwa kwa Gasi:Cholinga choteteza gasi ndikuchotsa mlengalenga. Ngati kutuluka kwake sikukwanira, kapena ngati kuyenda mopitirira muyeso kumayambitsa chipwirikiti chomwe chimakoka mpweya, mpweya wa mumlengalenga-makamaka nayitrogeni ndi okosijeni-zimayipitsa mpweya. Oxygen imapanga ma oxides olimba mkati mwa kusungunuka, pamene nayitrogeni amatha kutsekeka ngati pores kapena kupanga brittle nitride compounds, zonse zomwe zimasokoneza kukhulupirika kwa weld.
Zowononga
Katundu Wamakina Wachepetsedwa:Pores amachepetsa gawo lonyamula katundu la weld, kutsitsa mwachindunji Mphamvu Yake Yomaliza Kwambiri. Zowonjezereka kwambiri, zimakhala ngati ma voids amkati omwe amalepheretsa kusinthika kwa pulasitiki yunifolomu yazitsulo zomwe zili ndi katundu. Kutayika kwa zinthu mosalekeza kumachepetsa kwambiri ductility, kupangitsa weld kukhala wosasunthika komanso wosavuta kusweka mwadzidzidzi.
Moyo Wotopa Wosokonekera:Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsatira zovuta kwambiri. Pores, makamaka omwe ali ndi ngodya zakuthwa, ali ndi mphamvu zochepetsera nkhawa. Chigawochi chikayikidwa pa cyclic loading, kupanikizika m'mphepete mwa pore kungakhale kokwera kwambiri kuposa kupsinjika kwa gawo lonselo. Kupsinjika kwakukulu kumeneku kumayambitsa ming'alu yaying'ono yomwe imakula ndi kuzungulira kulikonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kutopa kutsika kwambiri ndi mphamvu yokhazikika ya zinthuzo.
Kuwonjezeka kwa Corrosion susceptibility:Bowo likathyoka pamwamba, limapanga malo opangira dzimbiri. Malo ang'onoang'ono, osasunthika mkati mwa pore amakhala ndi makemikolo osiyana ndi malo ozungulira. Kusiyanaku kumapanga selo la electrochemical lomwe limapangitsa kuti dzimbiri lizizizira kwambiri.
Kupanga Njira Zotuluka:Pazigawo zomwe zimafunikira chisindikizo cha hermetic - monga zotsekera mabatire kapena zipinda zotsekera - porosity ndi vuto lomwe lalephera nthawi yomweyo. Bowo limodzi lomwe limatuluka kuchokera mkati mpaka kunja limapanga njira yolunjika kuti zakumwa kapena mpweya utuluke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chigawocho chikhale chopanda ntchito.
Njira Zothetsera Kuthetsa Porosity
1. Ulamuliro Woyambira
Kukonzekera Mosamalitsa Pamwamba
Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha porosity. Malo onse ndi zida zodzaza ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino musanawotchere.
Kuyeretsa Zosungunulira:Gwiritsani ntchito zosungunulira monga acetone kapena isopropyl mowa kuti muyeretse bwino malo onse owotcherera. Ichi ndi sitepe yovuta chifukwa zoipitsa za hydrocarbon (mafuta, mafuta, madzi odulira) zimawola pansi pa kutentha kwambiri kwa laser, ndikulowetsa haidrojeni mu dziwe losungunuka. Pamene zitsulozo zimalimba mofulumira, mpweya wotsekeka umenewu umapanga porosity yabwino yomwe imawononga mphamvu zowotcherera. Zosungunulira zimagwira ntchito posungunula zinthuzi, kuwalola kuti achotsedwe kwathunthu asanawotchedwe.
Chenjezo:Pewani zosungunulira za chlorine, chifukwa zotsalira zake zimatha kuwola kukhala mpweya wowopsa ndikupangitsa kuti zisungunuke.
Kuyeretsa Makina:Gwiritsani ntchito burashi yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri popanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena carbide burr kuchotsa ma oxides okhuthala. Aodziperekaburashi ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti muteteze kuipitsidwa; mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito burashi ya kaboni pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kumatha kuphatikizira tinthu tating'ono tomwe tidzakhala dzimbiri ndi kusokoneza weld. Carbide burr ndiyofunikira pa ma oxides okhuthala chifukwa ndi yamphamvu kwambiri kuti ichotse wosanjikiza ndikuwonetsa zitsulo zatsopano, zoyera pansi.
Precision Joint Design ndi kukonza
Malumikizidwe osamangika bwino okhala ndi mipata yochulukirapo ndiye chifukwa chachindunji cha porosity. Mpweya wotchinjiriza womwe umachokera pamphuno sungathe kusuntha mlengalenga womwe uli mkati mwa mpata, kulola kuti ikokedwe mu dziwe la weld.
Malangizo:Mipata yolumikizana siyenera kupitirira 10% ya makulidwe a zinthuzo. Kupitilira izi kumapangitsa kuti dziwe la weld likhale losakhazikika komanso lovuta kuti gasi wotchinga atetezedwe, ndikuwonjezera mwayi wotsekera gasi. Kukonza mwatsatanetsatane ndikofunikira kuti izi zisungidwe.
Kukhathamiritsa Kwadongosolo kwa Parameter
Ubale pakati pa mphamvu ya laser, kuthamanga kwa kuwotcherera, ndi malo okhazikika kumapanga zenera la ndondomeko. Iwindo ili liyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti liwonetsetse kuti limapanga makiyi okhazikika. Bowo lakiyi wosakhazikika limatha kugwa pang'onopang'ono panthawi yowotcherera, kumangirira thovu lachitsulo chosungunuka ndi mpweya wotchinga.
2. Strategic Shielding Kusankha ndi Kuwongolera Gasi
Gasi Woyenera Pazinthu
Argon (Ar):Mulingo wa inert wazinthu zambiri chifukwa cha kachulukidwe komanso mtengo wake wotsika.
Nayitrogeni (N2):Zothandiza kwambiri pazitsulo zambiri chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwake kwakukulu mu gawo losungunuka, zomwe zingalepheretse nitrogen porosity.
Nuance:Kafukufuku waposachedwa akutsimikizira kuti pazitsulo zolimbitsa nayitrogeni, kuchulukira kwa N2 mu gasi wotchinga kumatha kubweretsa mvula ya nitride, zomwe zimakhudza kulimba. Kulinganiza mosamala ndikofunikira.
Helium (He) ndi Ar/He Mixes:Zofunikira pazida zokhala ndi matenthedwe apamwamba kwambiri, monga mkuwa ndi ma aluminiyamu aloyi. Kutentha kwambiri kwa Helium kumapangitsa kuti pakhale dziwe lotentha kwambiri, lomwe limathandizira kuchotsa mpweya komanso kupititsa patsogolo kutentha, kuteteza porosity ndi kusowa kwa fusion.
Kuyenda Moyenera ndi Kufalikira
Kuyenda kosakwanira kumalephera kuteteza dziwe la weld kuchokera mumlengalenga. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuyenda mopitirira muyeso kumayambitsa chipwirikiti, chomwe chimakoka mpweya wozungulira ndikusakaniza ndi mpweya wotchinga, kuwononga weld.
Mayendedwe Yeniyeni:15-25 Lita / min kwa ma nozzles a coaxial, osinthidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito.
3.Kuchepetsa Kwambiri ndi Dynamic Beam Shaping
Kwa zovuta zogwiritsira ntchito, kusintha kwamtengo wapatali ndi njira yamakono.
Njira:Ngakhale kuti kugwedezeka kosavuta ("kugwedezeka") kuli kothandiza, kafukufuku waposachedwapa amayang'ana pa machitidwe apamwamba, osazungulira (mwachitsanzo, infinity-loop, chithunzi-8). Maonekedwe ovutawa amathandizira kuwongolera kwamphamvu kwamadzi amadzimadzi a melt pool ndi kutentha kwa kutentha, kulimbitsanso kabowo kakang'ono ndikulola kuti mpweya utuluke nthawi yambiri.
Kuganizira Kothandiza:Kukhazikitsidwa kwa machitidwe opangira matabwa osinthika kumayimira ndalama zambiri komanso kumawonjezera zovuta pakukhazikitsa. Kusanthula kokwanira kwa phindu lamtengo wapatali ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake pazinthu zamtengo wapatali pomwe kuwongolera kwa porosity ndikofunikira kwambiri.
4. Njira Zochepetsera Zomwe Mukufunikira
Aluminiyamu Aloyi:Kukhazikika kwa hydrogen porosity kuchokera ku hydrated surface oxide. Pamafunika kutulutsa mpweya woipa kwambiri komanso kutsika kwa mame (< -50°C) kutchingira mpweya, nthawi zambiri wokhala ndi helium kuti uwonjezere madzimadzi osungunuka.
Zitsulo za Galvanized:Kuphulika kwa zinki (kutentha kwa 907 ° C) ndilo vuto lalikulu. Mpata wotulukira wa 0.1-0.2 mm ukadali njira yothandiza kwambiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa zitsulo zimasungunuka (~ 1500 ° C) ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa zinki zowira. Mpatawu umapereka njira yopulumukira yofunikira pa nthunzi wa zinc wothamanga kwambiri.
Titaniyamu Aloyi:Kuchitanso zinthu monyanyira kumafuna ukhondo wathunthu komanso chitetezo champhamvu cha gasi (zishango zoyang'ana kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo) monga momwe zimakhalira mumlengalenga wa AWS D17.1.
Zida za Copper:Zovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha matenthedwe apamwamba komanso kuwunikira kwambiri kwa ma lasers a infrared. Porosity nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kosakwanira komanso mpweya wotsekeka. Kuchepetsa kumafuna kusanjika kwakukulu kwa mphamvu, nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wotchinga wochuluka wa helium kuti uthandizire kulumikiza mphamvu ndikusungunula madzimadzi amadzimadzi, komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba amtengo kuti atenthetse kale ndikuwongolera kusungunuka.
Emerging Technologies ndi Njira Zamtsogolo
Mundawu ukupita patsogolo mopitilira muyeso mpaka kuwotcherera kwanzeru.
AI-Powered In-Situ Monitoring:Chofunikira kwambiri posachedwa. Makina ophunzirira makina tsopano amasanthula zenizeni zenizeni kuchokera ku makamera a coaxial, ma photodiodes, ndi masensa acoustic. Makinawa amatha kulosera za kuyambika kwa porosity ndikuchenjeza wogwiritsa ntchitoyo kapena, pakukhazikitsa kwapamwamba, kusintha magawo a laser okha kuti chilemacho chisapangike.
Chidziwitso Chokhazikitsa:Ngakhale ali amphamvu, makina oyendetsedwa ndi AIwa amafunikira ndalama zambiri zoyambira mu masensa, zida zopezera deta, ndi chitukuko chamitundu. Kubwerera kwawo pazachuma ndikokwera kwambiri pakupanga kwakukulu, kofunikira kwambiri komwe mtengo wolephera ndi wokwera kwambiri.
Mapeto
Porosity mu kuwotcherera laser ndi cholakwika chotheka. Mwa kuphatikiza mfundo zoyambira zaukhondo ndi kuwongolera magawo ndi matekinoloje apamwamba kwambiri monga mawonekedwe amphamvu amitengo ndi kuwunika koyendetsedwa ndi AI, opanga amatha kupanga ma weld opanda chilema. Tsogolo la chitsimikizo chaubwino pakuwotcherera lili m'makina anzeru awa omwe amawunika, kusintha, ndikutsimikizira kuti zinthu zili bwino munthawi yeniyeni.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (FAQ)
Q1: Kodi chifukwa chachikulu cha porosity mu kuwotcherera laser ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Choyambitsa chimodzi chomwe chimafala kwambiri ndi kuipitsidwa kwapamtunda (mafuta, chinyezi) komwe kumawuka ndikulowetsa mpweya wa haidrojeni mu weld dziwe.
Q2: Momweto kupewa porosity mu kuwotcherera aluminiyamu?
Yankho: Chofunikira kwambiri ndikutsuka kowuma kowotcherera kuti muchotse wosanjikiza wa hydrated aluminium oxide, wophatikizidwa ndi mpweya wodzitchinjiriza kwambiri, wokhala ndi mame otsika, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi helium.
Q3: Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa porosity ndi kuphatikizidwa kwa slag?
A: Porosity ndi mpweya wa gasi. Kuphatikizika kwa slag ndi kokhazikika kopanda chitsulo ndipo sikumalumikizidwa ndi kuwotcherera kwa laser keyhole-mode, ngakhale kumatha kuchitika pakuwotcherera kwa laser conduction ndi ma fluxes ena kapena zida zoipitsidwa zodzaza.
Q4: Ndi mpweya wabwino uti wotetezera kuti muteteze porosity muzitsulo?
A: Ngakhale kuti Argon ndiyofala, nayitrojeni (N2) nthawi zambiri imakhala yopambana pazitsulo zambiri chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwake kwakukulu. Komabe, pazitsulo zina zapamwamba zamphamvu kwambiri, kuthekera kwa kupanga nitride kuyenera kuwunikidwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-25-2025
