Kuwoloka kwa ma laser ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limatanthauzidwa ngati malo odzaza ndi mpweya omwe ali mkati mwa chitsulo chowoloka cholimba. Chimawononga mwachindunji umphumphu wa makina, mphamvu ya woloka, komanso moyo wotopa. Bukuli limapereka njira yolunjika, yoyambira yothetsera mavuto, kuphatikiza zomwe zapezeka kuchokera ku kafukufuku waposachedwa kwambiri pakuumba kwa beam ndi kuwongolera njira zoyendetsedwa ndi AI kuti afotokoze njira zothandiza kwambiri zochepetsera mavuto.
Kusanthula kwa Porosity: Zomwe Zimayambitsa ndi Zotsatirapo
Kuboola kwa makoma si vuto la njira imodzi yokha; kumachokera ku zochitika zingapo zosiyana zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala panthawi yolumikiza mwachangu. Kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa izi ndikofunikira kuti tipewe bwino.
Zifukwa Zazikulu
Kuipitsidwa kwa pamwamba:Ichi ndiye gwero lofala kwambiri la ma porosity a metallurgical. Zoipitsa monga chinyezi, mafuta, ndi mafuta zimakhala ndi haidrojeni yambiri. Pansi pa mphamvu ya laser, mankhwala awa amawola, ndikulowetsa haidrojeni yoyambira mu chitsulo chosungunuka. Pamene dziwe losungunula likuzizira ndikulimba mwachangu, kusungunuka kwa haidrojeni kumatsika, ndikupangitsa kuti ituluke mu yankho ndikupanga ma pores abwino, ozungulira.
Kusakhazikika kwa Bowo la Keybowo:Ichi ndiye chimayambitsa kutseguka kwa ma process. Bowo lokhazikika la makiyi ndi lofunikira pa weld yomveka bwino. Ngati magawo a process sakukonzedwa bwino (monga, liwiro la weld ndi lalikulu kwambiri kuposa mphamvu ya laser), bowo lolowera limatha kusinthasintha, kusakhazikika, ndikugwa kwakanthawi. Kugwa kulikonse kumasunga thumba la nthunzi yachitsulo yothamanga kwambiri ndi mpweya woteteza mkati mwa dziwe losungunuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo opanda kanthu akuluakulu, osawoneka bwino.
Kuteteza Gasi Kosakwanira:Cholinga choteteza mpweya ndikuchotsa mlengalenga wozungulira. Ngati kuyenda sikukwanira, kapena ngati kuyenda kochulukira kwapangitsa kuti mpweya usokonekere, mpweya wa mlengalenga—makamaka nayitrogeni ndi mpweya—udzadetsa weld. Mpweya wa oxygen umapanga ma oxide olimba mkati mwa kusungunuka, pomwe nayitrogeni imatha kugwidwa ngati ma pores kapena kupanga ma nitride ofooka, omwe onse amawononga umphumphu wa weld.
Zotsatira Zoopsa
Katundu Wochepetsedwa wa Makina:Mabowo amachepetsa malo olumikizirana a weld, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yake yayikulu yogwira ntchito. Chofunika kwambiri, amagwira ntchito ngati malo opanda kanthu mkati omwe amaletsa kusintha kwa pulasitiki komwe kulipo pachitsulo chomwe chili pansi pa katundu. Kutayika kwa zinthuzi kumachepetsa kwambiri kusinthasintha kwa zinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti weld ikhale yolimba komanso yosweka mwadzidzidzi.
Moyo Wotopa Wopanda Chiyembekezo:Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsatirapo zofunika kwambiri. Ma pores, makamaka omwe ali ndi ngodya zakuthwa, ndi zinthu zamphamvu zosungira nkhawa. Pamene gawo lina likuyendetsedwa mozungulira, kupsinjika komwe kuli m'mphepete mwa pores kumatha kukhala kokwera kambiri kuposa kupsinjika konse komwe kuli m'gawolo. Kupsinjika kwakukulu kumeneku kumayambitsa ming'alu yaying'ono yomwe imakula nthawi iliyonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutopa kulephereke kwambiri kuposa mphamvu yokhazikika ya chinthucho.
Kuwonjezeka kwa Kukana Kudzimbidwa:Pamene mbowo iswa pamwamba, imapanga malo oti ming'alu iwonongeke. Malo ang'onoang'ono, osakhazikika mkati mwa mbowo ali ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala kosiyana ndi pamwamba pozungulira. Kusiyana kumeneku kumapanga selo lamagetsi lomwe limafulumizitsa kwambiri dzimbiri lopezeka pamalopo.
Kupanga Njira Zotayikira:Pa zinthu zomwe zimafuna chisindikizo chopanda chotchinga—monga malo osungira mabatire kapena zipinda zotsukira—mabowo ndi vuto lolephera kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Bowo limodzi lokha lomwe limachokera mkati kupita kunja limapanga njira yolunjika kuti madzi kapena mpweya zituluke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gawolo lisagwire ntchito.
Njira Zothandiza Zochepetsera Kutupa kwa Matumbo
1. Kulamulira Koyambira kwa Njira
Kukonzekera Pamwamba Mosamala
Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha ma porosity. Malo onse ndi zinthu zonse zodzaza ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino nthawi yomweyo musanagwiritse ntchito.
Kuyeretsa Zosungunulira:Gwiritsani ntchito chosungunulira monga acetone kapena isopropyl alcohol kuti muyeretse bwino malo onse osungunulira. Iyi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri chifukwa zinthu zodetsa za hydrocarbon (mafuta, mafuta, madzi odulira) zimawola pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa laser, ndikulowetsa hydrogen mwachindunji mu dziwe losungunulira. Pamene chitsulocho chikuuma mofulumira, mpweya wotsekedwawu umapanga ma porosity abwino omwe amawononga mphamvu ya chosungunulira. Chosungunuliracho chimagwira ntchito posungunula zinthuzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zichotsedwe kwathunthu musanazisungunulira.
Chenjezo:Pewani zosungunulira zokhala ndi chlorine, chifukwa zotsalira zake zimatha kuwola kukhala mpweya woopsa ndikupangitsa kuti ziume.
Kuyeretsa Makina:Gwiritsani ntchito burashi ya waya yosapanga dzimbiri yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri pa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena carbide burr kuti muchotse ma oxides okhuthala.odziperekaBurashi ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti isaipitsidwe ndi zinthu zina; mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito burashi yachitsulo cha kaboni pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kungapangitse tinthu tachitsulo kuti tipange dzimbiri kenako n’kuwononga weld. Carbide burr ndi yofunikira pa ma oxide olimba komanso olimba chifukwa ndi amphamvu mokwanira kudula wosanjikizawo ndikuyika chitsulo chatsopano, choyera pansi pake.
Kapangidwe ndi Kukonza Moyenera kwa Ma Joint
Malumikizidwe osakhazikika bwino okhala ndi mipata yambiri ndi omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale mabowo. Mpweya woteteza womwe umachokera ku nozzle sungachotse bwino mlengalenga womwe uli mkati mwa mpatawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukokedwe mu dziwe losungunula.
Malangizo:Mipata yolumikizirana siyenera kupitirira 10% ya makulidwe a chinthucho. Kupitirira izi kumapangitsa dziwe losungunula kukhala losakhazikika komanso lovuta kuteteza mpweya woteteza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ugwire bwino. Kukonza bwino ndikofunikira kuti izi zitheke.
Kukonzekera kwa Ma Parameter Okhazikika
Ubale pakati pa mphamvu ya laser, liwiro la kuwotcherera, ndi malo olunjika umapanga zenera la ndondomeko. Zenera ili liyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti lipange dzenje lokhazikika la kiyi. Dzenje losakhazikika la kiyi lingagwe pang'onopang'ono panthawi yowotcherera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thovu la chitsulo chosungunuka ndi mpweya woteteza zigwire.
2. Kusankha ndi Kulamulira Mpweya Mwanzeru
Mpweya Woyenera wa Zinthuzo
Argon (Ar):Muyezo wosagwira ntchito wa zipangizo zambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake komanso mtengo wake wotsika.
Nayitrogeni (N2):Ndi yothandiza kwambiri pa zitsulo zambiri chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwake kwambiri mu gawo losungunuka, zomwe zimatha kupewa nayitrogeni porosity.
Chidule:Kafukufuku waposachedwapa akutsimikizira kuti pa ma alloys olimbikitsidwa ndi nayitrogeni, kuchuluka kwa N2 mu mpweya woteteza kungayambitse mvula yoipa ya nitride, zomwe zimakhudza kulimba. Kulinganiza mosamala ndikofunikira.
Helium (He) ndi Ar/He Zimasakaniza:Chofunika kwambiri pa zipangizo zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yotenthetsera kutentha kwambiri, monga mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu. Mphamvu yotenthetsera kutentha kwambiri ya Helium imapanga dziwe lotenthetsera lotentha komanso lamadzimadzi ambiri, lomwe limathandiza kwambiri kuchotsa mpweya ndikuwongolera kulowa kwa kutentha, kupewa kutseguka kwa mpweya ndi zolakwika zosalumikizana.
Kuyenda Bwino ndi Kufalikira
Kusayenda bwino kwa madzi sikuteteza dziwe lothira madzi ku mlengalenga. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuyenda kwambiri kwa madzi kumabweretsa chisokonezo, chomwe chimakoka mpweya wozungulira ndikusakaniza ndi mpweya woteteza madziwo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dziwelo liipitse.
Mitengo Yabwino Yoyendera:Malita 15-25/mphindi pa nozzles za coaxial, zokonzedwa kuti zigwirizane ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.
3. Kuchepetsa Kwambiri ndi Dynamic Beam Shaping
Pa ntchito zovuta, kupanga matabwa amphamvu ndi njira yamakono.
Njira:Ngakhale kuti kugwedezeka kosavuta ("kugwedezeka") n'kothandiza, kafukufuku waposachedwapa akuyang'ana kwambiri pa mapangidwe apamwamba, osazungulira (monga, infinity-loop, chithunzi-8). Maonekedwe ovuta awa amapereka ulamuliro wapamwamba pa kayendedwe ka madzi a dziwe losungunuka ndi kutentha kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale bata pa keybool ndikulola nthawi yochulukirapo kuti mpweya utuluke.
Kuganizira Moyenera:Kukhazikitsa njira zosinthira ma beam kumatanthauza ndalama zambiri zomwe zimayikidwa ndipo kumawonjezera zovuta pakukhazikitsa njira. Kusanthula bwino mtengo ndi phindu ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake pazinthu zamtengo wapatali pomwe kuwongolera kwa porosity ndikofunikira kwambiri.
4. Njira Zochepetsera Mavuto Okhudzana ndi Zinthu Zofunika
Ma aluminiyamu alloys:Imakhala ndi ma hydrogen porosity kuchokera ku hydrated surface oxide. Imafuna aggressive deoxidation ndi low dew-point (< -50°C) shielding gas, nthawi zambiri yokhala ndi helium kuti iwonjezere kusungunuka kwa dziwe losungunuka.
Zitsulo Zopangidwa ndi Magetsi:Kutulutsa nthunzi ya zinc (malo owira 907°C) ndi vuto lalikulu. Mpata wotulukira mpweya wa 0.1-0.2 mm ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa malo osungunula zitsulo (~1500°C) ndi okwera kwambiri kuposa malo owira a zinc. Mpatawu umapereka njira yofunika kwambiri yothawira nthunzi ya zinc yothamanga kwambiri.
Ma Aloyi a Titaniyamu:Kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso kumafuna ukhondo wokwanira komanso chitetezo chachikulu cha mpweya (zotchingira kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo) monga momwe muyezo wa ndege wa AWS D17.1 umanenera.
Ma Aloyi a Mkuwa:N'zovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri komanso kuwunikira kwambiri kwa ma laser a infrared. Kufooka kwa mpweya nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kusalumikizana bwino ndi mpweya wotsekeredwa. Kuchepetsa kumafuna mphamvu zambiri, nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya woteteza wokhala ndi helium kuti uwonjezere mphamvu yolumikizirana ndi kusungunuka kwa dziwe losambira, komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba a beam kuti atenthetse ndikuwongolera kusungunuka.
Ukadaulo Watsopano ndi Malangizo Amtsogolo
Mundawu ukupita patsogolo mofulumira kuposa momwe umalamulidwira mosasinthasintha kupita ku kuwotcherera kwamphamvu komanso kwanzeru.
Kuwunika Kwamkati Koyendetsedwa ndi AI:Njira yofunika kwambiri yaposachedwa. Ma model ophunzirira makina tsopano amasanthula deta yeniyeni kuchokera ku makamera a coaxial, ma photodiode, ndi masensa a acoustic. Makinawa amatha kulosera kuyambika kwa porosity ndikudziwitsa wogwiritsa ntchito kapena, muzokhazikitsa zapamwamba, kusintha magawo a laser okha kuti aletse cholakwikacho kuti chisapangidwe.
Chidziwitso Chokhazikitsa:Ngakhale kuti ndi amphamvu, machitidwe oyendetsedwa ndi AI awa amafunikira ndalama zambiri zoyambira mu masensa, zida zopezera deta, ndi kupanga chitsanzo. Phindu lawo pa ndalama ndilokwera kwambiri popanga zinthu zambiri zofunika kwambiri komwe mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri.
Mapeto
Kuwongoka kwa ma waya mu laser ndi vuto lomwe lingathetsedwe. Mwa kuphatikiza mfundo zoyambira za ukhondo ndi kuwongolera magawo ndi ukadaulo wamakono monga dynamic beam shaping ndi kuwunika koyendetsedwa ndi AI, opanga amatha kupanga ma weld opanda zilema modalirika. Tsogolo la chitsimikizo cha khalidwe mu kuwongola lili m'makina anzeru awa omwe amayang'anira, kusintha, ndikutsimikizira kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino nthawi yeniyeni.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri)
Q1: Kodi chifukwa chachikulu cha porosity mu laser welding ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Chifukwa chimodzi chofala kwambiri ndi kuipitsidwa kwa pamwamba (mafuta, chinyezi) komwe kumasanduka nthunzi ndikulowetsa mpweya wa haidrojeni mu dziwe losungunula.
Q2: Kodi bwanjito Kodi zimaletsa kutseguka kwa ming'alu mu kuwotcherera aluminiyamu?
Yankho: Gawo lofunika kwambiri ndi kuyeretsa mwamphamvu musanagwiritse ntchito chotenthetsera kuti muchotse aluminium oxide yosungunuka, yophatikizidwa ndi mpweya woteteza womwe uli ndi mpweya wochepa, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi helium.
Q3: Kodi kusiyana pakati pa porosity ndi slag inclusion ndi kotani?
Yankho: Kuboola kwa mpweya ndi malo osungira mpweya. Kuphatikizika kwa slag ndi chinthu cholimba chosakhala chachitsulo chomwe chimatsekeredwa ndipo nthawi zambiri sichimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwotcherera kwa laser ya keyhole-mode, ngakhale kuti izi zitha kuchitika mu kuwotcherera kwa laser pogwiritsa ntchito ma fluxes ena kapena zinthu zodzaza zomwe zaipitsidwa.
Q4: Kodi mpweya wabwino kwambiri woteteza kuti usapse ndi porosity mu chitsulo ndi uti?
A: Ngakhale kuti Argon ndi yofala, Nayitrogeni (N2) nthawi zambiri imakhala yabwino kwambiri pa zitsulo zambiri chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwake kwambiri. Komabe, pa zitsulo zina zapamwamba kwambiri, kuthekera kopanga nitride kuyenera kuyesedwa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-25-2025
