Kuwotcherera kwa Laser: Momwe Mungasankhire Gasi Wanu Wotchingira

Kusankha mpweya wabwino wowotcherera wa laser ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe mungapange, komabe nthawi zambiri sizimamveka bwino. Munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti chifukwa chiyani chowotcherera chowoneka bwino cha laser chinalephera kupsinjika? Yankho likhoza kukhala mumlengalenga ...

Mpweya umenewu, womwe umatchedwanso kutchingira mpweya wowotcherera laser, siwongowonjezera; ndi gawo lofunikira la ndondomekoyi. Imagwira ntchito zitatu zomwe sizingakambirane zomwe zimatsimikizira mtundu, mphamvu, ndi mawonekedwe a chinthu chanu chomaliza.

Imateteza Weld:Mpweya wothandizira umapanga kuwira koteteza mozungulira chitsulo chosungunuka, ndikuchiteteza ku mpweya wa mumlengalenga monga mpweya ndi nayitrogeni. Popanda chishango ichi, mumapeza zovuta zowopsa monga okosijeni (chowotcherera chofooka, chosasinthika) ndi porosity (tinthu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timasokoneza mphamvu).

Imatsimikizira Mphamvu Yathunthu ya Laser:Pamene laser igunda chitsulo, imatha kupanga "mtambo wa plasma." Mtambowu ukhoza kutsekereza ndikumwaza mphamvu za laser, zomwe zimatsogolera ku ma welds osaya, ofooka. Mpweya woyenera umawomba plasma iyi, kuwonetsetsa kuti mphamvu yonse ya laser yanu ifika pa workpiece.

Imateteza Zida Zanu:Mtsinje wa gasi umalepheretsanso nthunzi wachitsulo ndi sipitter kuti zisawuluke mmwamba ndikuipitsa magalasi okwera mtengo omwe ali pamutu mwanu wa laser, ndikukupulumutsani ku nthawi yotsika mtengo komanso kukonza.

Kusankha Gasi Wotchinjiriza Wakuwotcherera Laser: Otsutsana Nawo

Kusankha kwanu gasi kumatengera osewera atatu akuluakulu: Argon, Nitrogen, ndi Helium. Aganizireni ngati akatswiri osiyanasiyana omwe mungawalembe ntchito. Iliyonse ili ndi mphamvu zapadera, zofooka, ndi njira zogwiritsiridwa ntchito bwino.

Argon (Ar): Wodalirika Wonse Wozungulira

Argon ndiye kavalo wothamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndi gasi wopanda mpweya, kutanthauza kuti sangafanane ndi dziwe losungunuka. Ndiwolemeranso kuposa mpweya, kotero umapereka chitetezo chabwino kwambiri, chosasunthika mopanda kufunikira kothamanga kwambiri.

Zabwino Kwambiri Kwa:Zida zambiri, kuphatikiza aluminiyamu, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, komanso zitsulo zokhazikika ngati titaniyamu. Argon laser kuwotcherera ndi njira yopangira ma fiber lasers chifukwa imapereka kutha koyera, kowala komanso kosalala.

Kuganizira Kwambiri:Ili ndi mphamvu yochepa ya ionization. Ndi ma lasers amphamvu kwambiri a CO₂, amatha kuthandizira kupanga plasma, koma pamapulogalamu ambiri amakono a fiber laser, ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri.

Nayitrogeni (N₂): Wogwira Ntchito Wotchipa

Nayitrogeni ndiye njira yabwino yopangira bajeti, koma musalole kuti mtengo wotsika ukupusitseni. Mukugwiritsa ntchito moyenera, si chishango chokha; ndi otenga nawo mbali omwe amatha kukonza zowotcherera.

Zabwino Kwambiri Kwa:Magiredi ena achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni kwa laser kuwotcherera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumatha kukhala ngati alloying alloying, kukhazikika kwamkati kwachitsulo kuti kukhale ndi mphamvu zamakina komanso kukana dzimbiri.

Kuganizira Kwambiri:Nayitrogeni ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Kugwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zolakwika, monga titaniyamu kapena zitsulo za carbon, ndi njira yobweretsera tsoka. Idzachita ndi chitsulo ndikuyambitsa kugwedezeka kwakukulu, zomwe zimatsogolera ku weld yomwe imatha kusweka ndi kulephera.

Helium (Iye): Katswiri Wochita Zapamwamba

Helium ndiye nyenyezi yokwera mtengo. Ili ndi matenthedwe apamwamba kwambiri komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kwa ionization, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala ngwazi yosatsutsika yakupondereza kwa plasma.

Zabwino Kwambiri Kwa:Kuwotcherera mwakuya muzinthu zokhuthala kapena zowongolera kwambiri monga aluminiyamu ndi mkuwa. Ndilonso chisankho chapamwamba cha ma lasers amphamvu kwambiri a CO₂, omwe amatha kupangidwa mosavuta ndi plasma.

Kuganizira Kwambiri:Mtengo. Helium ndi yokwera mtengo, ndipo chifukwa ndiyopepuka, mumafunika mitengo yothamanga kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi chitetezo chokwanira, ndikuwonjezeranso mtengo wogwirira ntchito.

Kuyerekeza kwa Gasi Wofulumira

Kusankha Gasi Wothandizira Wowotcherera: Kufananiza Gasi ndi Zitsulo

Chiphunzitso ndichabwino, koma mumachigwiritsa ntchito bwanji? Nawa kalozera wowongoka wazinthu zomwe wamba.

Welding Stainless Steel

Muli ndi zisankho ziwiri zabwino kwambiri apa. Pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic ndi duplex, nitrogen kapena nitrogen-Argon blend nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosankhidwa kwambiri. Imawonjezera microstructure ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya weld. Ngati choyambirira chanu ndi choyera, chowala bwino popanda kuyanjana ndi mankhwala, Argon yoyera ndiyo njira yopitira.

Kuwotcherera Aluminium

Aluminiyamu ndi yachinyengo chifukwa imachotsa kutentha mwachangu. Pazinthu zambiri, Argon yoyera ndiye chisankho chokhazikika chifukwa chachitetezo chake chodabwitsa. Komabe, ngati mukuwotcherera zigawo zokulirapo (pamwamba pa 3-4 mm), kusakaniza kwa Argon-Helium ndikosintha masewera. Helium imapereka nkhonya yowonjezera yowonjezera yofunikira kuti ifike mwakuya, kosasinthasintha.

Kuwotcherera Titaniyamu

Pali lamulo limodzi lokha kuwotcherera titaniyamu: gwiritsani ntchito Argon yoyera kwambiri. Musagwiritse ntchito nayitrogeni kapena kusakaniza kwa gasi komwe kumakhala ndi mpweya wotuluka. Nayitrojeni idzachitapo kanthu ndi titaniyamu, ndikupanga titaniyamu nitrides yomwe imapangitsa kuti weld ikhale yolimba kwambiri ndipo iyenera kulephera. Kuteteza kwathunthu ndi gasi wotsatira ndi kumbuyo ndikofunikiranso kuteteza chitsulo chozizirira kuti zisakhudzidwe ndi mpweya.

Langizo la Katswiri:Nthawi zambiri anthu amayesa kusunga ndalama pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa gasi, koma izi ndizolakwika. Mtengo wa weld umodzi womwe walephera chifukwa cha okosijeni umaposa mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka koyenera kwa mpweya wotchingira. Nthawi zonse yambani ndi kuyenderera kovomerezeka kwa pulogalamu yanu ndikusintha kuchokera pamenepo.

Kuthetsa Mavuto Ambiri Owotcherera Laser

Ngati mukuwona zovuta pama welds anu, gasi wanu wothandizira ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zoyamba zomwe muyenera kuzifufuza.

Oxidation & Discoloration:Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chodziwikiratu cha chitetezo choyipa. Gasi wanu sakuteteza weld ku oxygen. Kukonzekerako nthawi zambiri kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa gasi wanu kapena kuyang'ana mphuno yanu ndi makina operekera mpweya kuti akuchuluke kapena kutsekeka.

Porosity (Mibulu ya Gasi):Chilemachi chimafooketsa weld kuchokera mkati. Zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kutsika kotsika kwambiri (kopanda chitetezo chokwanira) kapena kutsika kwambiri, komwe kungayambitse chipwirikiti ndikukokera mpweya mu dziwe la weld.

Kulowa Kosagwirizana:Ngati kuya kwanu kwa weld kuli ponseponse, mungakhale mukukumana ndi plasma yotsekereza laser. Izi ndizofala ndi CO₂ lasers. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndikusinthira ku gasi wokhala ndi kuponderezedwa bwino kwa plasma, monga Helium kapena Helium-Argon mix.

Mitu Yapamwamba: Zosakaniza za Gasi & Mitundu ya Laser

Mphamvu ya Strategic Mixtures

Nthawi zina, gasi limodzi silimadula. Zosakaniza za gasi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti "zabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi."

Argon-Helium (Ar/He):Amaphatikiza chitetezo chabwino kwambiri cha Argon ndi kutentha kwakukulu komanso kuponderezedwa kwa plasma kwa Helium. Zabwino kwa ma welds akuya mu aluminiyamu.

Argon-Hydrogen (Ar/H₂):Mafuta ochepa a haidrojeni (1-5%) amatha kugwira ntchito ngati "chochepetsera" pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, kuthamangitsa mpweya wosokera kuti apange mkanda wonyezimira wonyezimira.

CO₂ vs.CHIKWANGWANI: Kusankha Laser Yoyenera

CO₂ Laser:Amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mapangidwe a plasma. Ichi ndichifukwa chake Helium yokwera mtengo ndiyofala kwambiri mu CO yamphamvu kwambiri₂ mapulogalamu.

Fiber lasers:Iwo samakonda kwambiri zovuta za plasma. Phindu lodabwitsali limakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wotsika mtengo ngati Argon ndi Nayitrogeni pantchito zambiri popanda kudzipereka.

Pansi Pansi

Kusankha laser kuwotcherera gasi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri, osati kungoganizira. Pomvetsetsa ntchito zazikuluzikulu zakutchinjiriza, kuteteza maso anu, ndi kuwongolera plasma, mutha kusankha mwanzeru. Nthawi zonse mufanane ndi gasi ndi zinthu zomwe mukufuna komanso zomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito.

Mwakonzeka kukhathamiritsa njira yanu yowotcherera laser ndikuchotsa zolakwika zokhudzana ndi mpweya? Yang'ananinso momwe gasi wanu amasankhira potsatira malangizowa ndikuwona ngati kusintha kosavuta kungapangitse kusintha kwakukulu kwa khalidwe ndi luso.