Ukadaulo Wodula Ma Laser ndi Waterjet: Buku Lotsogolera Ukadaulo la 2025 la Mainjiniya ndi Opanga Zinthu

Mu kupanga kwamakono, kusankha njira yabwino yodulira ndi chisankho chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza liwiro la kupanga, mtengo wogwirira ntchito, komanso mtundu wa gawo lomaliza. Nkhaniyi ikupereka kufananiza kochokera ku deta ya ukadaulo wodziwika bwino: kudula kwa laser yamphamvu kwambiri ndi kudula kwa waterjet.

Imasanthula miyezo yofunika kwambiri ya magwiridwe antchito kuphatikizapo kugwirizana kwa zinthu, Malo Okhudzidwa ndi Kutentha (HAZ), liwiro la kukonza, kulekerera kwa magawo, ndi mtengo wonse wa umwini. Kusanthulaku kumatsimikiza kuti ngakhale ukadaulo wa waterjet ukadali wofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake zinthu mosiyanasiyana komanso njira "yozizira", kupita patsogolo kwa ma laser a fiber amphamvu kwawayika ngati muyezo wopanga zinthu mwachangu komanso molondola kwambiri pazinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso makulidwe omwe akukula.

Mfundo Zotsogolera Posankha Njira

Kusankha njira yodulira kumadalira kusinthana pakati pa mphamvu ya kutentha ya laser ndi mphamvu ya makina ya waterjet.

Kudula kwa Laser:Njirayi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito komwe liwiro lapamwamba, kulondola kwambiri, komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kokha ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ndi yothandiza kwambiri pazitsulo monga chitsulo ndi aluminiyamu, komanso zinthu zachilengedwe monga ma acrylic, nthawi zambiri m'makulidwe osakwana 25mm (1 inchi). Ukadaulo wa laser wa fiber wamphamvu kwambiri ndi maziko opangira zinthu zambiri komanso zotsika mtengo mu 2025.

Kudula Madzi:Njirayi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zokhuthala kwambiri (zoposa 50mm kapena 2 mainchesi) kapena zinthu zomwe kutentha kulikonse sikuloledwa. Zipangizozi zimaphatikizapo zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri zoyendera ndege, zinthu zophatikizika, ndi miyala, komwe "kudula kozizira" kwa njirayi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri paukadaulo.

Kuyerekeza kwaukadaulo

Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa zotsatira pakati pa matekinoloje awiriwa kumayendetsedwa ndi magwero awo a mphamvu.

Kuyerekeza Kwaukadaulo Kowonjezereka kwa Fiber Laser ndi Abrasive Waterjet Cutting

Kusanthula kwa Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri

Kutha kwa Zinthu ndi Kukhuthalas

Mphamvu yayikulu yodulira madzi ndi kuthekera kwake kukonza pafupifupi chilichonse, phindu lalikulu kwa malo ogwirira ntchito omwe ayenera kusinthana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira granite mpaka titaniyamu mpaka thovu.

Komabe, ntchito zambiri zamafakitale zimayang'ana kwambiri zitsulo ndi pulasitiki, komwe ukadaulo wamakono wa laser ndi wokhoza kwambiri. Makina a fiber laser amapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pachitsulo, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, aluminiyamu, mkuwa, ndi mkuwa. Akawonjezeredwa ndi ma CO₂ laser, omwe kutalika kwake kwa infrared kumayamwa bwino ndi zinthu zachilengedwe monga matabwa ndi acrylic, ntchito yochokera ku laser imaphimba zosowa zambiri zopangira mwachangu kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, njira ya laser ndi yoyera komanso youma, yopanda matope okwiyitsa omwe amafunika kukonzedwa ndi kutayidwa mokwera mtengo.

Kulondola, Kumaliza kwa Mphepete, ndi Kusamalira Zolakwika

Poyesa kulondola ndi kutha kwa m'mphepete, matekinoloje onsewa amapereka zabwino zosiyanasiyana ndipo amafunika kuganizira zinazake.

Mphamvu yayikulu ya laser ndi kulondola kwake kwapadera. Kerf yake yopyapyala kwambiri komanso kulondola kwake kwakukulu kumalola kupanga mapangidwe ovuta, ngodya zakuthwa, ndi zizindikiro zatsatanetsatane zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzikwaniritsa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina. Komabe, njirayi imapanga Malo Ang'onoang'ono Okhudzidwa ndi Kutentha (HAZ)—malire ochepa pomwe zinthuzo zimasinthidwa ndi mphamvu ya kutentha. Kwa zigawo zambiri zopangidwa, dera ili ndi laling'ono kwambiri ndipo silikhudza kulimba kwa kapangidwe kake.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, njira yodulira madzi ya waterjet ndiyo ubwino wake waukulu, chifukwa imasiya kapangidwe ka zinthuzo kosasinthika konse chifukwa cha kutentha. Izi zimachotsa vuto la HAZ kwathunthu. Kusinthana kumeneku ndi kuthekera kwa "kochepa," kapena ngodya yooneka ngati V, pamphepete yodulidwa, makamaka pazinthu zokhuthala. Kupanda ungwiro kwa makina kumeneku kumatha kuyendetsedwa, koma nthawi zambiri kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodulira za 5-axis zovuta komanso zodula kuti zitsimikizire kuti m'mphepete mwake muli perpendicular.

Liwiro ndi Nthawi Yozungulira

Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito pakati pa ukadaulo wa laser ndi waterjet ndi liwiro la ntchito komanso momwe imakhudzira nthawi yonse yozungulira. Pa zitsulo zopyapyala, laser yamphamvu kwambiri imapeza liwiro lodulira nthawi 10 mpaka 20 kuposa la waterjet. Ubwino uwu umakulitsidwa ndi kinematics yapamwamba ya makina a laser, omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa gantry komanso liwiro lodutsa pakati pa kudula. Njira zapamwamba monga kuboola "paulendo" zimachepetsanso nthawi zosapindulitsa. Zotsatira zake zonse ndi kuchepetsa kwakukulu nthawi yomwe imafunika kuti pakhale mapangidwe ovuta okhala ndi zisa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo lililonse.

Mtengo Wonse wa Umwini (CAPEX, OPEX) & Kukonza)

Ngakhale kuti makina opangira madzi a m'madzi angakhale ndi ndalama zochepa zoyambira (CAPEX), kusanthula bwino ndalama kuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pa mtengo wogwirira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali (OPEX). Mtengo waukulu kwambiri wogwiritsira ntchito makina opangira madzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito garnet yolimba nthawi zonse. Mtengo wobwerezabwerezawu, pamodzi ndi kufunikira kwa magetsi ambiri kwa pampu yothamanga kwambiri komanso kukonza kwakukulu kwa ma nozzles, zisindikizo, ndi malo osungira madzi, zimasonkhana mwachangu. Izi zimachitika musanaganizire za kuyeretsa ndi kutaya matope olimba omwe amawononga nthawi yambiri.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, laser yamakono ya fiber imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Zinthu zake zazikulu zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magetsi komanso zimathandiza mpweya. Popeza ndalama zogwirira ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku zimakhala zochepa komanso kukonza zinthu moyeneka, malo ogwirira ntchito amakhala aukhondo, opanda phokoso, komanso otetezeka.

Kukambirana za Mapulogalamu Apamwamba ndi Zochitika

Mu ntchito zapadera kwambiri, ukadaulo uwu ukhoza kukhala wothandizana. Wopanga angagwiritse ntchito waterjet kudula chidutswa chokhuthala cha Inconel (kuti apewe kupsinjika kwa kutentha), kenako nkusamutsa gawolo ku laser kuti limalizidwe bwino, kupanga mawonekedwe, ndi kujambula manambala a magawo. Izi zikusonyeza kuti cholinga chachikulu popanga zinthu zovuta ndikugwiritsa ntchito chida choyenera pa ntchito iliyonse yeniyeni.

Kubwera kwa ma laser amphamvu kwambiri kwasintha kwambiri mawonekedwe. Makina awa tsopano amatha kuthana ndi zinthu zokhuthala mwachangu komanso mwapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira ina yofulumira komanso yotsika mtengo m'malo mwa ma waterjet omwe ali m'gulu la zitsulo zambiri - malo omwe kale anali a ma waterjet okha.

Pakupanga zinthu mwachangu pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo, pulasitiki, kapena matabwa, liwiro la laser ndi mwayi wapadera. Kutha kusintha kapangidwe kake m'njira zosiyanasiyana masana amodzi kumathandiza kuti zinthu ziyende mwachangu komanso mosavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, kuganizira bwino malo ogwirira ntchito n'kofunika kwambiri. Kudula laser ndi njira yokhazikika, yopanda phokoso yokhala ndi kutulutsa utsi wophatikizika, pomwe kudula madzi ndi njira yokweza kwambiri yomwe nthawi zambiri imafuna chipinda chodzipatula ndipo imaphatikizapo kuyang'anira madzi ndi matope owononga.

Mapeto

Ngakhale kudula kwa waterjet kukadali chida chamtengo wapatali pa ntchito zinazake zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi kukhudzidwa kwa zinthu kapena makulidwe ake, njira yopangira zinthu zamakono ikuwonetsa bwino liwiro, magwiridwe antchito, komanso kulondola kwa ukadaulo wa laser. Kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa mphamvu ya fiber laser, machitidwe owongolera, ndi zochita zokha kukukulitsa luso lake chaka chilichonse.

Kusanthula liwiro, mtengo wogwirira ntchito, ndi kulondola kukuwonetsa kuti pa ntchito zambiri zodula mafakitale, ukadaulo wa laser wakhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri. Kwa mabizinesi omwe akufuna kukulitsa zokolola, kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gawo lililonse, komanso kugwira ntchito pamalo oyera komanso odziyimira pawokha, njira yamakono yodulira laser imayimira ndalama zoyendetsera tsogolo lopikisana.