Buku Lathunthu la Kudula Aluminiyamu ndi Laser

Kodi mukufuna kupanga zida za aluminiyamu zolondola komanso zovuta komanso zomaliza bwino? Ngati mwatopa ndi zoletsa ndi kuyeretsa kwachiwiri komwe kumafunika ndi njira zachikhalidwe zodulira, kudula kwa laser kungakhale njira yapamwamba yomwe mukufuna. Ukadaulo uwu wasintha kwambiri kupanga zitsulo, koma aluminiyamu ili ndi zovuta zapadera chifukwa cha kuwala kwake komanso kutentha kwake kwakukulu.

Mu bukhuli, tifufuza zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza aluminiyamu yodula ndi laser. Tidzafotokoza momwe ntchitoyi imagwirira ntchito, ubwino wake, njira yogwirira ntchito kuyambira pa kapangidwe mpaka kumaliza, komanso zida zofunika zomwe mukufuna. Tidzakambirananso za mavuto aukadaulo ndi momwe mungawathetsere, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mutha kudula bwino nthawi iliyonse.

Kodi Laser Cutting Aluminium ndi Chiyani Ndipo Imagwira Ntchito Bwanji?

Kudula kwa laser ndi njira yotenthetsera yosakhudzana ndi kukhudzana komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kowala kwambiri kudula zinthu molondola kwambiri. Pakati pake, njirayi ndi mgwirizano wabwino kwambiri pakati pa mphamvu yolunjika ndi kulondola kwa makina.

• Njira Yoyambira:Njirayi imayamba pamene jenereta ya laser imapanga kuwala kwamphamvu komanso kogwirizana. Kuwala kumeneku kumayendetsedwa kudzera mu magalasi kapena chingwe cha fiber optic kupita ku mutu wodulira wa makinawo. Pamenepo, lenzi imaika kuwala konse pamalo amodzi, ocheperako pamwamba pa aluminiyamu. Mphamvu imeneyi imatentha chitsulo nthawi yomweyo kudutsa pamalo ake osungunuka (660.3∘C / 1220.5∘F), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zomwe zili munjira ya kuwalako zisungunuke ndi kuphwanyika.

• Udindo wa Gasi Wothandizira:Pamene laser ikusungunula aluminiyamu, mpweya wothandiza wothamanga kwambiri umatuluka kudzera mu nozzle yomweyo. Pa aluminiyamu, nthawi zambiri iyi ndi nayitrogeni woyera kwambiri. Mpweya uwu uli ndi ntchito ziwiri: yoyamba, umachotsa chitsulo chosungunuka mwamphamvu kuchokera munjira yodulidwa (kerf), ndikuchiletsa kuti chisaumenso ndikusiya m'mphepete woyera, wopanda zinyalala. Chachiwiri, chimaziziritsa malo ozungulira chodulidwacho, zomwe zimachepetsa kupotoka kwa kutentha.

• Magawo Ofunika Kwambiri Oti Mupambane:Kudula kwabwino kumachitika chifukwa cha kulinganiza zinthu zitatu zofunika:

  • Mphamvu ya Laser (Watts):Zimazindikira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimaperekedwa. Mphamvu zambiri zimafunika kuti zinthu zikhale zokhuthala kapena kuti zizitha kuthamanga mofulumira.

  • Kuthamanga Kodula:Liwiro limene mutu wodula umasuntha. Izi ziyenera kufananizidwa bwino ndi mphamvu kuti zitsimikizire kudula kwathunthu komanso koyera popanda kutentha kwambiri.

  • Ubwino wa Mtanda:Zimatanthauza momwe mtandawo ungakhazikitsire mwamphamvu. Mtanda wabwino kwambiri ndi wofunikira kuti mphamvu zikhazikike bwino, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri podula zinthu zowunikira monga aluminiyamu.

Ubwino Waukulu wa Kudula Aluminiyamu ndi Laser

Kusankha kudula aluminiyamu ndi laser kumapereka ubwino waukulu kuposa njira zakale monga plasma kapena kudula kwa makina. Ubwino waukulu umagawidwa m'magulu atatu: ubwino, magwiridwe antchito, ndi kusungidwa kwa zinthu.

• Kulondola ndi Ubwino:Kudula kwa laser kumatanthauzidwa ndi kulondola kwake. Kumatha kupanga ziwalo zokhala ndi zolekerera zolimba kwambiri, nthawi zambiri mkati mwa ±0.1 mm (±0.005 mainchesi), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe ovuta komanso ovuta. Mphepete mwake ndi yosalala, yakuthwa, komanso yopanda burr, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachotsa kufunikira kwa njira zina zomaliza monga deburring kapena sanding.

• Kuchita Bwino ndi Liwiro: Zodulira za laserndi achangu komanso ogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Kerf yopapatiza (m'lifupi mwake) imatanthauza kuti ziwalo zitha "kuikidwa" pafupi kwambiri pa pepala la aluminiyamu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zigwiritsidwe ntchito bwino komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri zinyalala. Zinthuzi komanso kusunga nthawi zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yotsika mtengo kwambiri popanga zinthu zofananira komanso kupanga zinthu zazikulu.

• Kuwonongeka Kochepa kwa Kutentha:Ubwino waukulu ndi malo ochepa kwambiri okhudzidwa ndi kutentha (HAZ). Chifukwa mphamvu ya laser imakhazikika kwambiri ndipo imayenda mwachangu, kutentha sikutha kufalikira kuzinthu zozungulira. Izi zimasunga kutentha ndi kapangidwe ka aluminiyamu mpaka m'mphepete mwa chodulidwacho, chomwe ndi chofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino. Zimathandizanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kupindika ndi kupotoka, makamaka pamapepala opyapyala.

Njira Yodulira Laser: Buku Lotsogolera Gawo ndi Gawo

Kusintha fayilo ya digito kukhala gawo la aluminiyamu yeniyeni kumatsatira njira yomveka bwino komanso yokhazikika.

1. Kapangidwe ndi Kukonzekera:Njirayi imayamba ndi kapangidwe ka digito ka 2D kopangidwa mu pulogalamu ya CAD (monga AutoCAD kapena SolidWorks). Fayiloyi imasankha njira zodulira molondola. Pa gawoli, aluminiyamu yoyenera (monga 6061 ya mphamvu, 5052 ya mawonekedwe) ndi makulidwe amasankhidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.

2. Kukhazikitsa Makina:Wogwiritsa ntchito amaika pepala loyera la aluminiyamu pabedi la wodula laser. Makina omwe amasankhidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala a fiber laser, chifukwa amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pa aluminiyamu kuposa ma laser akale a CO2. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amaonetsetsa kuti lenzi yowunikira ndi yoyera ndipo njira yotulutsira utsi ikugwira ntchito.

3. Kugwira Ntchito ndi Kuwongolera Ubwino:Fayilo ya CAD imayikidwa, ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito amalowetsa magawo odulira (mphamvu, liwiro, kuthamanga kwa mpweya). Gawo lofunika kwambiri ndikuchitakudula mayesopa chidutswa chodulidwa. Izi zimathandiza kukonza bwino makonda kuti akwaniritse bwino kwambiri, popanda zinyalala musanayambe ntchito yonse. Kenako ntchito yopangidwa yokha imayang'aniridwa kuti iwonetsetse kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino.

4. Kukonza Pambuyo:Pambuyo podula, ziwalozo zimachotsedwa pa pepalalo. Chifukwa cha khalidwe lapamwamba la kudula kwa laser, kukonza pambuyo pake nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa. Kutengera ndi zofunikira zomaliza, gawo lingafunike kuchotsedwa pang'ono kapena kutsukidwa, koma nthawi zambiri, limakhala lokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo.

Mavuto ndi Mayankho a Ukadaulo

Kapangidwe kake ka aluminiyamu kamakhala ndi zovuta zingapo zaukadaulo, koma ukadaulo wamakono uli ndi mayankho ogwira mtima pa chilichonse.

• Kuwunikira Kwambiri:Aluminiyamu imawonetsa kuwala mwachilengedwe, zomwe m'mbuyomu zidapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudula ndi ma laser a CO2.

  Yankho:Ma laser amakono a ulusi amagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kochepa komwe kumayamwa bwino kwambiri ndi aluminiyamu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yokhazikika komanso yodalirika.

• Kutentha Kwambiri:Aluminiyamu imachotsa kutentha mwachangu kwambiri. Ngati mphamvu siziperekedwa mwachangu mokwanira, kutentha kumafalikira m'malo modula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale zotsatira zabwino.

  Yankho:Gwiritsani ntchito kuwala kwa laser kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso kolunjika bwino kuti muponye mphamvu mu chinthucho mwachangu kuposa momwe ingachitulutsire kutali.

• Gawo la Oxide:Aluminiyamu nthawi yomweyo imapanga gawo lolimba komanso lowonekera la aluminiyamu pamwamba pake. Gawoli lili ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri kuposa aluminiyamu yokha.

  Yankho:Laser iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuti "ipyoze" gawo loteteza ili lisanayambe kudula chitsulo chomwe chili pansi pake.

Kusankha Zipangizo Zoyenera: Ulusi vs. CO2 Lasers

Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yonse iwiri ya laser, imodzi ndiyo yopambana bwino kwambiri pa aluminiyamu.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri)

Kodi pepala la aluminiyamu lingadulidwe bwanji ndi laser?Izi zimadalira mphamvu ya chodulira cha laser. Makina ocheperako mphamvu (1-2kW) amatha kugwira bwino ntchito mpaka 4-6mm. Ma laser a ulusi wa mafakitale amphamvu kwambiri (6kW, 12kW, kapena kupitirira apo) amatha kudula aluminiyamu bwino kwambiri yomwe ndi yokhuthala 25mm (inchi imodzi) kapena kuposerapo.

Nchifukwa chiyani mpweya wa nayitrogeni ndi wofunikira podula aluminiyamu?Nayitrogeni ndi mpweya wopanda mpweya, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sumakumana ndi aluminiyamu yosungunuka. Kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wopanikizika kapena mpweya wozizira kungapangitse kuti m'mphepete mwake motentha muwotchedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapeto ake akhale owuma, akuda, komanso osagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ntchito ya nayitrogeni ndi yamakina okha: imachotsa chitsulo chosungunuka bwino ndikuteteza m'mphepete mwake kuti musatenthedwe ndi mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapeto ake akhale owala komanso owala bwino.

Kodi aluminiyamu yodula laser ndi yoopsa?Inde, kugwiritsa ntchito laser cutter iliyonse yamakampani kumafuna njira zodzitetezera zolimba. Zoopsa zazikulu ndi izi:

• Kuwonongeka kwa Maso ndi Khungu:Ma laser a mafakitale (Gulu 4) angayambitse kuwonongeka kwa maso nthawi yomweyo komanso kosatha kuchokera ku kuwala kolunjika kapena kowala.

• Utsi:Njirayi imapanga fumbi loopsa la aluminiyamu lomwe liyenera kugwidwa ndi makina opumira mpweya ndi kusefa.

• Moto:Kutentha kwakukulu kungakhale gwero la kuyatsa moto.

Pofuna kuchepetsa zoopsazi, makina amakono ali ndi mawindo owonera otetezeka pogwiritsa ntchito laser, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito Zida Zodzitetezera (PPE) zoyenera nthawi zonse, kuphatikizapo magalasi otetezera omwe amayesedwa malinga ndi kutalika kwa nthawi ya laser.

Mapeto

Pomaliza, kudula kwa laser tsopano ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri popanga zida za aluminiyamu pomwe kulondola ndi khalidwe ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ma laser amakono a ulusi athetsa mavuto akale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yofulumira komanso yodalirika. Amapereka kulondola kwakukulu komanso m'mbali zosalala zomwe nthawi zambiri sizimafuna ntchito yowonjezera kapena yowonjezera. Kuphatikiza apo, sawononga kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa aluminiyamu kukhala yolimba.

Ngakhale ukadaulowu ndi wamphamvu, zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimachokera pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera komanso ogwiritsa ntchito aluso. Kusintha makonda monga mphamvu, liwiro, ndi kupanikizika kwa mpweya ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kuyesa kudula ndi kukonza makina kumathandiza opanga kupanga zinthu kuti apeze zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Mwanjira imeneyi, amatha kupanga zida za aluminiyamu zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse.