He Aratohu Hangarau Whānui mō te Whakarewatanga Hiko Reera o ngā Rino Kowiri tira

Mō ngā kaihanga, ngā kaihanga, me ngā kaiwhakahaere mahi, he uaua tonu te wero: me pēhea te hono i ngā wāhanga maitai kore waikura me te kore e piko, e memeha haere, e whakaitihia te ātete ki te waikura e pā kino ana ki ngā tikanga tuku iho. Ko te otinga kowhakarewa taiaho kowiri tira, he hangarau whakarerekētanga e tuku ana i te tere, te tika, me te kounga e kore e taea te whakataurite e te whakarewa TIG me te MIG tuku iho.

Ka whakamahia e te whakarewa taiaho he hihi mārama tino kukū hei whakarewa me te whakakotahi i te maitai kore waikura me te iti o te wera e uru mai ana, e whakahaeretia ana. Ka whakatauhia tika e tēnei tukanga e whakahaerehia ana e te tika ngā raruraru matua o te whakapōturitanga o te wera me te rahinga whakarewa.

Ngā Painga Matua o te Whakarewatanga Taiaho me te Kowiri tira:

• Tere Tino Pai:E 4 ki te 10 ngā wā tere ake i te whakarewa TIG, e whakanui ana i te hua me te kaha whakaputa.

• Te Whakapōturitanga Iti Rawa:Ka hangaia e te wera arotahi he Rohe Pānga-Wera (HAZ) iti rawa, e whakaiti nui ana, e whakakore rānei i te piko, kia mau tonu ai te tika o ngā āhuatanga o te wāhanga.

• Kounga Pai Rawa:Ka whakaputa i ngā whakarewa ma, kaha, ā, he ātaahua ki te titiro, kāore e hiahiatia he huri, he whakaotinga rānei i muri i te whakarewanga.

• Ngā Āhuatanga Rauemi kua Tiakina:Mā te iti o te wera e uru mai ana ka mau tonu te kaha ā-roto o te maitai kore waikura me te ātete nui ki te waikura, ka ārai i ngā take pēnei i te "pirau whakarewa".

Mā tēnei aratohu ka whakaratohia te mōhiotanga tohunga e hiahiatia ana hei neke atu i te māramatanga taketake ki te tono māia, kia taea ai e koe te whakamahi i te pūmanawa katoa o tēnei tikanga hanga matatau.

Te Whakarewatanga Taiahovs. Ngā Tikanga Tuku Iho: He Whakatauritenga Upoko-ki-Upoko

He mea nui te whiriwhiri i te tukanga whakarewa tika mō te angitu o te kaupapa. Anei te whakataurite o te whakarewa laser ki te TIG me te MIG mō ngā tono maitai kore waikura.

Te Whakarewatanga Taiaho me te Whakarewatanga TIG

E mōhiotia ana te whakarewa hau korekore o te Tungsten (TIG) mō ngā whakarewa ā-ringa kounga teitei, engari he uaua ki te whai i te tere i roto i te taiao whakaputa.

• Tere me te Hua:He tere ake te whakarewa taiaho, nā reira he kōwhiringa mārama tēnei mō ngā mahi hanga aunoa me te nui o te mahi.

• Te Wera me te Whakapōturi:He pūtake wera koretake, he marara te pewa TIG e hanga ana i tētahi HAZ nui, ka hua ake he whakapōturitanga nui, inā koa i runga i te pepa whakarewa angiangi. Mā te hihi arotahi o te taiaho ka ārai i tēnei kino wera whānui.

• Aunoatanga:He māmā ake te whakahaere aunoa i ngā pūnaha taiaho, e āhei ai te whakaputa nui, ka taea te tukurua me te iti ake o ngā pūkenga ā-ringa e hiahiatia ana i tērā i te TIG.

Te Whakarewatanga Taiaho me te Whakarewatanga MIG

He tukanga maha ngā whakamahinga o te whakarewa hau koretake (MIG), he nui te whakatakotoranga, engari kāore i te rite te tika ki te taiaho.

• Te Tika me te Kounga:He tukanga kore-pā te whakarewanga taiaho e hua ai he whakarewanga ma, kāore he tauhiuhi. He ngāwari te whakarewanga MIG ki te tauhiuhi, ā, me horoi i muri i te whakarewanga.

• Ātete Āputa:He ngāwari ake te whakapiri hononga ngoikore ki te whakarewa MIG nā te mea he whakakī te waea pau. Me tika te whakarite me te kaha o ngā manawanui mō te whakarewa taiaho.

• Matotoru o te Rauemi:Ahakoa ka taea e ngā taiaho kaha-teitei te whakahaere i ngā wāhanga matotoru, he maha ngā wā ka whai hua ake te MIG mō ngā pereti tino taumaha. He tino pai te whakarewa taiaho i runga i ngā matotoru rauemi angiangi ki te āhua waenga, he mea nui te whakahaere i te hē.

Ripanga Whakataurite Tirohanga-Whai-Wā

Te Pūtaiao kei Muri i te Whakarewa: Ngā Mātāpono Matua e Whakamāramahia ana

Ko te mārama ki te taunekeneke a te taiaho me te maitai kore waikura te mea nui hei whakahaere i te tukanga. Ko te nuinga o te wā, e rua ngā momo mahi e whakatauhia ana e te mātotoru o te mana.

Aratau Arataki vs. Aratau Pōka Kī

• Te Whakarewa Arataki:I ngā mātotoru iti iho o te mana, ka whakamahana te taiaho i te mata o te rauemi, ā, ka "whakahaere" te wera ki roto i te wāhanga. Ka hangaia he hononga pāpaku, whānui, maeneene hoki ki te titiro, he mea tino pai mō ngā rauemi angiangi (i raro i te 1-2 mm) me ngā hononga e kitea ana he mea nui te āhua.

• Te Whakarewatanga o te Kōhao Kī (Te Whakaurunga Hōhonu):I ngā mātotorutanga mana teitei ake (tata ki te 1.5 MW/cm²), ka mimiti tonu te whakarewa i te taiaho, ka hanga he kōhao hohonu, whaiti e kiia nei ko te "kōhao kī". Ka hopukina e tēnei kōhao kī te kaha o te taiaho, ka tukuna hohonu ki roto i te rauemi mō ngā whakarewa kaha, uru katoa ki ngā wāhanga matotoru.

Ngaru Tonu (CW) vs. Ngā Taiaho Pūoro

• Ngaru Tonu (CW):Ka tukuna e te taiaho he hihi pūngao pumau, kore e mutu. He tino pai tēnei aratau mō te hanga hononga roa, tonu i ngā tere teitei i roto i te mahi whakaputa aunoa.

• Reera Pāorooro:Ka tukuna e te taiaho te pūngao i roto i ngā pahūtanga poto, kaha. Mā tēnei huarahi ka taea te whakahaere tika i te wera e whakaurua ana, ka whakaitihia te HAZ, ā, ka pai mō te whakarewa i ngā wāhanga ngawari, tairongo ki te wera, te hanga rānei i ngā whakarewanga ira taupatupatu mō te hiri tino pai.

He Aratohu Hipanga-i-te-Hipanga ki te Whakarite Tino Pai

I roto i te whakarewa taiaho, ka whakatauhia te angitu i mua i te whakahohenga o te hihi. Me whakarite pai te tika o te tukanga.

Hipanga 1: Hoahoa Hononga me te Whakaurunga

He rerekē te whakarewa pewa, he iti rawa te manawanui o te whakarewa taiaho ki ngā āputa, ki ngā hapa rānei.

• Ngā Momo Hononga:Ko ngā hononga papa te mea tino whai hua engari me tata kore he āputa (he iti iho i te 0.1 mm te nuinga mō ngā wāhanga angiangi). He ngāwari ake te whakamahi i ngā hononga papa mō ngā momo taunga.

• Whakahaere Āputa:Mā te āputa nui rawa e kore e taea e te puna rewa iti te hono atu ki te hononga, ka kore e oti te hanumi me te ngoikore o te whakarewa. Whakamahia ngā tikanga tapahi tino tika me te piri pakari kia tino tika ai te tūnga.

Hipanga 2: Te Horoi i te Mata me te Tango i ngā Parahanga

Ka mimiti te kaha kaha o te taiaho i ngā poke o te mata, ka mau ki roto i te hononga whakarewa, ka puta he hapa pēnei i te porosity.

• He mea nui te horoi:Me tino kore rawa te mata i te hinu, te ngako, te puehu me ngā toenga piripiri.

• Tikanga Horoi:Horoia te hononga ki te kakahu kore-miro kua rumakina ki roto i te whakarewa pūngāwerewere pēnei i te acetone, i te waipiro isopropyl 99% rānei i mua tonu i te whakarewanga.

Te Whakangungu i te Mīhini: Te Arotau i ngā Tawhā Matua mō te Whakarewa

Ko te whakatutuki i tētahi hononga whakarewa tino tika me taurite te maha o ngā taurangi e hono tahi ana.

Te Toru Tawhā: Te Mana, Te Tere, me te Tūnga Arotahi

Mā ēnei tautuhinga e toru e whakatau te kaha whakauru me te kōtaha whakarewa.

• Mana Reera (W):Mā te kaha nui ake ka taea te hohonu ake te uru me te tere ake. Heoi, mā te kaha nui rawa ka taea te tahu i ngā rauemi angiangi.

• Tere Whakarewa (mm/s):Ka whakaitihia te wera e tomo mai ana me te hē o te hiko e ngā tere tere ake. Mēnā he teitei rawa te tere mō te taumata mana, ka kore pea e taea te uru pai.

• Tūnga Arotahi:Mā tēnei ka whakatikatika i te rahi o te ira me te mātotoru o te mana o te taiaho. Mā te arotahi ki te mata ka puta te hononga hohonu, whaiti hoki. Mā te arotahi ki runga ake i te mata (te kore arotahi pai) ka puta he hononga whakapaipai whānui, pāpaku hoki. Mā te arotahi ki raro i te mata (te kore arotahi kino) ka taea te whakarei ake i te urunga ki roto i ngā rauemi matotoru.

Kōwhiringa Hau Whakamarumaru: Ākona me te Hauota

Ka tiakina e te hau whakamarumaru te puna whakarewa rewa mai i te poke o te hau, ā, ka whakau hoki i te tukanga.

• Ākona (Ar):Ko te kōwhiringa tino noa, e whakarato ana i te tiakitanga tino pai me te whakaputa i ngā whakarewanga pumau, ma.

• Hauota (N2):He pai ake mō te kowiri tira, nā te mea ka taea e ia te whakapakari ake i te ātete ki te waikura o te hononga whakamutunga.

• Tere Rere:Me whakapai ake te tere o te rere. Ki te iti rawa, e kore e taea te tiaki i te whakarewa, engari ki te nui rawa, ka puta he pōrearea me te kukume i ngā poke. Ko te tere rere o te 10 ki te 25 rita ia meneti (L/min) te awhe tīmatanga noa.

Ngā Tīmatanga Tawhā: He Ripanga Tohutoro

Ko ngā tīmatanga whānui e whai ake nei mō te whakarewa i te maitai kore waikura austenitic 304/316. Me whakahaere tonu ngā whakamātautau ki ngā rauemi para hei whakatikatika mō tō tono motuhake.

Mana Kounga: He Aratohu Whakatau Rapanga mō ngā Hapa Noa

Ahakoa he tukanga tika, ka puta tonu ngā hapa. Ko te mārama ki te pūtake o aua hapa te mea nui ki te ārai.

Te Tāutu i ngā Koha Whakarewa Taiaho Noa

• Te Pūngao:He mirumiru hau iti e mau ana i roto i te whakarewa, e puta pinepine ana i te poke o te mata, i te rere hē rānei o te hau e ārai ana i te mahi.

• Pakaru Wera:Ko ngā kapiti o waenganui e puta mai ana i te whakapakeketanga o te whakarewa, i ētahi wā nā te hanganga rauemi, nā te ahotea wera nui rānei.

• Te Whakaurunga Kore-ā-Katoa:Ka kore te hononga whakarewa e hanumi puta noa i te hohonutanga o te hononga, nā te korenga o te kaha, te tere nui rawa rānei.

• Tapahi raro:I rewa tētahi awaawa ki roto i te konganuku turanga i te taha o te whakarewa, i te nuinga o te wā ka puta mai i te tere nui rawa, i te āputa nui rānei.

• Pāhūhū:Ko ngā pata rewa e pupuhi ana mai i te puna whakarewa, i te nuinga o te wā nā te nui rawa o te mātotoru o te mana, nā te poke rānei o te mata.

Tūtohi Whakatau Rapanga: Ngā Take me ngā Otinga

Ngā Hipanga Whakamutunga: Te Horoi me te Whakakore i te Whakamahinga i Muri i te Whakarewa

Ka whakakino te tukanga whakarewa i ngā āhuatanga tonu e "waikura" ai te maitai kore waikura. Ko te whakaora anō i aua āhuatanga te taahiraa whakamutunga e tika ana.

He aha e kore ai e taea te karo i te maimoatanga i muri i te whakarewanga

Ka whakangaromia e te wera o te whakarewa te paparanga chromium-waikura e kore e kitea, e tiakina ana i runga i te mata o te maitai. Ka waiho te whakarewa me te HAZ e karapoti ana kia ngoikore ki te waikura me te pirau.

Ngā Tikanga Whakakorekore i te Whakamārama

Ko te passivation he maimoatanga matū e tango ana i ngā poke o te mata, ā, e āwhina ana ki te hanga anō i tētahi paparanga chromium-waikura pakari, ōrite.

• Te Whakapūkara Matū:He tikanga tuku iho e whakamahi ana i ngā waikawa morearea pēnei i te waikawa hauota me te waikawa hauwaiwai hei horoi me te whakakore i te mata.

• Te Horoi Hikohiko:He tikanga hou, haumaru ake, tere ake hoki, e whakamahi ana i te wai hiko ngawari me te iahiko iti-ngaohiko hei horoi me te whakakore i te whakarewa i roto i te taahiraa kotahi.

Te Haumaru Tuatahi: Ngā Whakatūpato Tino Hira mō te Whakarewa Taiaho

Nā te kaha nui o te whakarewa taiaho ka puta mai ngā mōrearea mahi nui e hiahiatia ana ngā tikanga haumaru tino pakari.

Te Tūponotanga Huna: Ngā Auaha Chromium Hexavalent (Cr(VI))

Ina whakamahanatia te kowiri tira ki ngā pāmahana whakarewa, ka taea e te chromium i roto i te koranu te hanga i te chromium hexavalent (Cr(VI)), ka pupuhi ki te hau i roto i te au.

• Ngā Tūponotanga Hauora:He matū whakaputa mate pukupuku tangata te Cr(VI) e mōhiotia ana e hono ana ki te pikinga o te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu. Ka taea hoki e ia te whakararuraru nui i te manawa, te kiri, me ngā kanohi.

• Ngā Herenga Whakapuakitanga:E whakatakoto ana a OSHA i tētahi Herenga Whakaaetia (PEL) tino pakari o te 5 maikirokaramu mō ia mita pūtoru o te hau (5 µg/m³) mō Cr(VI).

Ngā Mahi Haumaru Hiranga

• Ngā Mana Whakahaere Hangarau:Ko te huarahi tino whai hua hei tiaki i ngā kaimahi ko te hopu i te tūponotanga mai i tōna pūtake. He huarahi tino whai huapūnaha tango paowahe mea nui te whakamahi i te tātari HEPA maha-wāhanga hei hopu i ngā matūriki tino pai i hangaia e te whakarewa laser.

• Ngā Taputapu Tiaki Whaiaro (PPE):Me mau ngā kaimahi katoa o te rohe i ngā mōhiti haumaru taiaho kua whakaritea mō te roangaru motuhake o te taiaho. Mēnā kāore e taea e te tango paoa te whakaiti i te pānga i raro i te PEL, me whakamahi ngā manawa kua whakaaetia. Me whakahaere hoki te mahi whakarewa i roto i tētahi wāhi ārai mārama me ngā raka haumaru hei ārai i te pānga ohorere o ngā hihi.

Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQ)

He aha te momo taiaho pai rawa atu mō te whakarewa i te maitai kore waikura?

Ko ngā taiaho muka te kōwhiringa pai rawa atu nā te mea he poto ake te roanga ngaru, ka ngawari ake te mimiti e te maitai kore waikura, ā, he pai rawa atu hoki te kounga o te hihi mō te whakahaere tika.

Ka taea e koe te whakarewa tahi i ngā matotoru rerekē o te maitai kore waikura me te laser?

Ae, he tino whai hua te whakarewa taiaho ki te hono i ngā matotoru rerekē me te iti o te hē, me te kore e wera i te wāhanga angiangi, he mahi tino uaua ki te whakarewa TIG.

He mea tika te waea whakakī mō te whakarewa taiaho i te maitai kore waikura?

He maha ngā wā, kāore. Ka taea e te whakarewatanga taiaho te whakaputa i ngā whakarewatanga kaha, uru katoa me te kore he rauemi whakakī (aunoa), e māmā ake ai te tukanga. Ka whakamahia te waea whakakī ina nui ake te āputa o te hoahoa hononga, ina hiahiatia rānei he āhuatanga whakarewa motuhake.

He aha te matotoru mōrahi o te maitai kore waikura ka taea te whakarewa ki te laser?

Mā ngā pūnaha mana-teitei, ka taea te whakarewa i te maitai kore waikura tae atu ki te 1/4″ (6mm) te matotoru ake rānei i roto i te kotahi haerenga. Ka taea e ngā tukanga ranu-āwhata reera te whakarewa i ngā wāhanga neke atu i te kotahi inihi te matotoru.

Whakamutunga

Nā te tere, te tika, me te kounga o te whakarewa taiaho, he mea pai rawa atu tēnei mō te hanga maitai kore waikura hou. Ka puta he hononga kaha ake, he ma ake, ā, kāore he hapa, ka tiakina te āhua me te kounga o te rauemi.

Heoi, ko te whakatutukitanga o ēnei hua o te ao e whakawhirinaki ana ki tētahi huarahi whānui. Ko te angitu te mutunga o tētahi mekameka hanga tino tika—mai i te whakarite hononga tino tika me te whakahaere tawhā pūnaha ki te whakakorenga i te mahi i muri i te whakarewanga me te whakapau kaha ki te haumaru. Mā te matatau ki tēnei tukanga, ka taea e koe te iriti i tētahi taumata hou o te whai huatanga me te kounga i roto i ō mahi.