Porosity na ịgbado ọkụ laser bụ ntụpọ dị oke egwu akọwara dị ka oghere jupụtara gas tọrọ n'ime igwe weld siri ike. Ọ na-emebi iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke igwe, ike weld na ndụ ike ọgwụgwụ. Ntuziaka a na-enye ụzọ ziri ezi, ngwọta-mbụ ụzọ, na-ejikọta nchoputa sitere na nyocha kachasị ọhụrụ na nhazi beam dị elu na njikwa usoro AI na-achịkwa iji kọwaa usoro mbelata kachasị dị irè.
Nyocha nke Porosity: Ihe kpatara na mmetụta
Porosity abụghị ntụpọ nke otu-arụzigharị; ọ na-esite n'ọtụtụ ọdịdị anụ ahụ na kemịkal dị iche iche n'oge usoro ịgbado ọkụ ngwa ngwa. Ịghọta ihe ndị a na-akpata mgbọrọgwụ dị mkpa maka mgbochi dị irè.
Ihe kpatara ya
Mmetọ Elu:Nke a bụ isi iyi porosity metallurgical na-emekarị. Ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ dị ka mmiri, mmanụ, na griiz bara ụba na hydrogen. N'okpuru ike siri ike nke laser, ogige ndị a na-emebi emebi, na-agbanye hydrogen elemental n'ime ọla a wụrụ awụ. Ka ọdọ mmiri weld na-ajụ oyi ma na-agbake ngwa ngwa, ike nke hydrogen na-adaba, na-amanye ya na ngwọta ka ọ ghọọ pores dị mma.
Enweghị nkwụsi ike nke oghere igodo:Nke a bụ isi ọkwọ ụgbọala nke usoro porosity. Igwe igodo kwụsiri ike dị mkpa maka weld ụda. Ọ bụrụ na ahazighị usoro usoro (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ dị oke maka ike laser), oghere igodo ahụ nwere ike ịgbanwe, bụrụ nke na-adịghị akwụsi ike, wee daa nwa oge. Ọnyà nke ọ bụla na-ejide akpa nke uzuoku ígwè dị elu na ihe na-echebe gas n'ime ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ, na-ebute nnukwu oghere ndị a na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya.
Nchekwa gas na-ezughị oke:Ebumnuche nke ichebe gas bụ ịkwaga ikuku gburugburu. Ọ bụrụ na erute ahụ ezughị oke, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na oke mmiri na-asọpụta na-akpata ọgba aghara nke na-adọta ikuku, ikuku ikuku-karịsịa nitrogen na oxygen-ga-emerụ weld ahụ. Oxygen na-etolite ngwa ngwa oxides siri ike n'ime agbaze, ebe nitrogen nwere ike ọnyà dị ka pores ma ọ bụ mepụta ogige nitride na-agbaji agbaji, nke abụọ na-emebi iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe weld.
Mmetụta ọjọọ
Nrụ arụ arụrụ ala belatara:Pores na-ebelata akụkụ akụkụ nke weld nke na-ebu ibu, na-eweda ike kacha elu ya ozugbo. N'ụzọ dị egwu karị, ha na-eme ihe dị ka oghere dị n'ime nke na-egbochi nrụrụ plastik edo edo nke ọla n'okpuru ibu. Ọnwụ a na-aga n'ihu n'ihe onwunwe na-ebelata ductility, na-eme ka weld dịkwuo nro ma na-enwekarị mgbaji na mberede.
Ndụ ike ọgwụgwụ emebiela:Nke a na-abụkarị ihe kacha pụta ìhè. Pores, karịsịa ndị nwere nkuku dị nkọ, bụ ihe na-eme ka nchekasị dị ike. Mgbe a na-etinye ihe mejupụtara ya na ntinye cyclic, nrụgide dị na nsọtụ nke pore nwere ike ịdị elu ọtụtụ ugboro karịa nrụgide zuru oke na akụkụ ahụ. Nchegbu dị elu nke mpaghara a na-ebute obere mgbawa na-eto na okirikiri nke ọ bụla, na-eduga n'ike ọgwụgwụ nke dị n'okpuru ike kwụ ọtọ nke ihe ahụ.
Mbara nrụrụ aka:Mgbe oghere na-agbaji n'elu, ọ na-emepụta saịtị maka corrosion crevice. Ebe dị ntakịrị, nke na-adịghị ahụkebe dị n'ime oghere ahụ nwere ihe ịchọ mma kemịkalụ dị iche karịa elu gbara ya gburugburu. Ọdịiche a na-emepụta cell electrochemical nke na-eme ngwa ngwa corrosion mpaghara.
Mepụta ụzọ mgbapụ:Maka ihe ndị chọrọ akara hermetic-dị ka mkpuchi batrị ma ọ bụ oghere oghere—porosity bụ ọnọdụ ọdịda ozugbo. Otu oghere nke na-esi n'ime ime ruo n'èzí na-emepụta ụzọ kpọmkwem maka mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ gas na-agbapụta, na-eme ka akụkụ ahụ ghara ịba uru.
Atụmatụ Mbelata nke a na-eme eme iji kpochapụ ihe ọjọọ
1. Njikwa usoro ntọala
Nkwadebe dị n'elu nke ọma
Nke a bụ isi ihe kpatara porosity. A ga-ehichapụrịrị elu niile na ihe ndị na-ejuputa nke ọma ozugbo tupu ịgbado ọkụ.
Nchacha ihe mgbaze:Jiri ihe mgbaze dị ka acetone ma ọ bụ mmanya isopropyl hichaa nke ọma ebe niile weld. Nke a bụ nzọụkwụ dị oke egwu n'ihi na mmetọ nke hydrocarbon (mmanụ, griiz, ịcha mmiri) na-emebi n'okpuru oke ọkụ laser, na-agbanye hydrogen ozugbo n'ime ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ. Ka ígwè ahụ na-esiwanye ike ngwa ngwa, gas a tọrọ atọ na-emepụta porosity dị mma nke na-eweda ike weld. Ihe mgbaze na-arụ ọrụ site n'ịgbasa ogige ndị a, na-ekwe ka ehichapụ ha kpamkpam tupu ịgbado ọkụ.
Ịkpachara anya:Zenarị ihe mgbaze chlorinated, n'ihi na ihe fọdụrụ ha nwere ike ree n'ime ikuku dị ize ndụ wee bute mgbakasị ahụ.
Nhazi igwe:Jiri ahịhịa igwe anaghị agba nchara raara onwe ya nye maka igwe anaghị agba nchara ma ọ bụ ihe mkpuchi carbide iji wepu oke oxides. Araara onwe ya nyeahịhịa dị oke mkpa iji gbochie mmetọ obe; dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji brush nchara carbon na igwe anaghị agba nchara nwere ike itinye ihe irighiri igwe nke ga-emecha nchara ma mebie weld ahụ. Carbide burr dị mkpa maka nnukwu oxides siri ike n'ihi na ọ na-eme ihe ike iji bepụ oyi akwa ahụ ma kpughee metal ọhụrụ dị ọcha n'okpuru.
Nhazi nkwonkwo na nhazi nkenke
Njikọ na-adịghị mma nke nwere oke oghere bụ ihe na-akpata porosity kpọmkwem. Gas na-echebe nke na-esi na nozulu enweghị ike ịkwaga ikuku nke tọrọ n'ime oghere ahụ, na-enye ohere ka etinye ya na ọdọ mmiri weld.
Ntuziaka:Oghere nkwonkwo ekwesịghị gafere 10% nke ọkpụrụkpụ ihe. N'ịgafe nke a na-eme ka ọdọ mmiri weld ghara ịdị n'otu ma sie ike maka nchekwa nchekwa, na-abawanye ohere nke ọnyà gas. Idozi nkenke dị mkpa iji kwado ọnọdụ a.
Nkwalite n'usoro n'usoro
Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ike laser, ịgbado ọkụ ọsọ, na focal ọnọdụ na-emepụta windo usoro. Window a ga-enwerịrị nkwado iji hụ na ọ rụpụtara oghere igodo kwụsiri ike. Oghere igodo anaghị eguzosi ike n'ihe nwere ike daa obere oge mgbe a na-agbado ọkụ, na-ejide afụ nke igwe vaporized na gas na-echebe.
2. Nhọrọ na njikwa gas nchekwa atụmatụ
Gas ziri ezi maka ihe
Argon (Ar):Ụkpụrụ inert maka ọtụtụ ihe n'ihi njupụta ya na ọnụ ala dị ala.
Nitrogen (N2):Dị irè nke ukwuu maka ọtụtụ nchara n'ihi nnukwu solubility ya na oge a wụrụ awụ, nke nwere ike igbochi porosity nitrogen.
Mmetụta:Nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya kwadoro na maka ihe ndị na-eme ka nitrogen sie ike, N2 dị ukwuu na gas na-echebe nwere ike iduga na mmiri ozuzo nitride dị njọ, na-emetụta ike. Nhazi nke ọma dị oke mkpa.
Helium (He) na Ar/He na-agwakọta:Ihe dị mkpa maka ihe ndị nwere ike ikpo ọkụ dị elu, dị ka ọla kọpa na aluminom alloys. Igwe ọkụ dị elu nke Helium na-eme ka ọdọ mmiri weld na-ekpo ọkụ karị, nke na-enyere aka nke ukwuu na ikpochapụ ma na-eme ka ntinye okpomọkụ dịkwuo mma, na-egbochi porosity na enweghị ntụpọ.
Usoro na mkpuchi nke ọma
Oke eruba ezughị ezu anaghị echebe ọdọ mmiri weld site na ikuku. N'aka nke ọzọ, oke mmiri na-asọpụta na-emepụta ọgba aghara, nke na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-adọta ikuku gburugburu ma jikọta ya na gas na-echebe ya, na-emerụ weld.
Ọnụego nrịba ama:15-25 lita / min maka coaxial nozzles, na-ege ntị na ngwa a kapịrị ọnụ.
3.Advanced Mitigation na Dynamic Beam Shaping
Maka ngwa ndị siri ike, ịkpụzi ọkụ ọkụ bụ usoro ọgbara ọhụrụ.
Usoro:Ọ bụ ezie na oscillation dị mfe (“wobble”) dị irè, nchọpụta na-adịbeghị anya na-elekwasị anya na usoro dị elu, na-abụghị okirikiri (dịka ọmụmaatụ, infinity-loop, Figure-8). Ụdị dị mgbagwoju anya ndị a na-enye njikwa dị elu karịa ike mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri gbazee na gradient okpomọkụ, na-eme ka oghere igodo ahụ guzosie ike ma na-enyekwu ohere maka gas ịgbapụ.
Ntụle bara uru:Mmezu nke sistemu ịkpụ akpụ ọkụ na-anọchite anya nnukwu ego ego ma na-agbakwunye mgbagwoju anya na nhazi usoro. Ntụle uru bara uru nke ọma dị mkpa iji kwado ojiji ya maka akụrụngwa bara uru dị elu ebe njikwa porosity dị oke egwu.
4. Atụmatụ Mbelata ihe gbasara ihe
Aluminom Alloys:Na-adaba na porosity hydrogen site na oxide elu hydrated. Na-achọ deoxidation ike ike na ala-igirigi (<-50°C) na-echebe gas, na-enwekarị ọdịnaya helium iji mee ka mmiri gbazee ọdọ mmiri.
Igwe galvanized:Ihe na-agbawa agbawa nke zinc (ebe isi 907 Celsius) bụ isi ihe ịma aka. Oghere ikuku ikuku nke 0.1-0.2 mm ka bụ atụmatụ kachasị dị irè. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ebe mgbaze ígwè (~ 1500ºC) dị elu karịa ebe isi mmiri zinc. Ọdịiche ahụ na-enye ụzọ mgbapụ dị mkpa maka vapo zinc dị elu.
Alloys Titanium:Mmeghachi omume dị oke mkpa chọrọ ịdị ọcha zuru oke yana nnukwu mkpuchi ikuku inert (ọta na-azụ na ọta nkwado) dị ka ọkọlọtọ AWS D17.1 nke ikuku nyere ikike.
Alloy ọla kọpa:Ihe ịma aka dị ukwuu n'ihi ịdị elu thermal conductivity na elu reflectivity na lasers infrared. A na-ebutekarị porosity site na njikọta ezughị ezu na gas tọrọ atọ. Mbelata na-achọ njupụta ike dị elu, na-ejikarị helium-ọgaranya gas nchebe iji meziwanye njikọ ike yana gbazee mmiri mmiri, yana nchara nchara dị elu iji kpoo ọkụ ma jikwaa agbaze.
Teknụzụ na-apụta na ntụzịaka ga-eme n'ọdịnihu
Ogige ahụ na-aga n'ihu n'ike n'ike karịa njikwa kwụ ọtọ gaa na ịgbado ọkụ nwere ọgụgụ isi.
Nleba anya n'ime ọnọdụ AI-ike:Omume kacha pụta ìhè na nso nso a. Ụdị mmụta igwe na-enyocha data ozugbo sitere na igwefoto coaxial, photodiodes, na sensọ ụda. Sistemu ndị a nwere ike ibu amụma mmalite nke porosity ma mee ka onye ọrụ mara ma ọ bụ, na ntọala dị elu, gbanwee paramita laser na-akpaghị aka iji gbochie ntụpọ ahụ ịmalite.
ndetu mmejuputa:Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị ike, sistemu AI ndị a na-achị chọrọ nnukwu itinye ego mbụ na sensọ, ngwa nnweta data, na mmepe ụdị. Nlaghachi ha na ntinye ego kachasị elu n'ichepụta ihe dị elu, nke dị oke egwu, ebe ọnụ ahịa ọdịda dị oke.
Mmechi
Porosity na ịgbado ọkụ laser bụ ntụpọ enwere ike ijikwa ya. Site na ijikọ ụkpụrụ ntọala nke ịdị ọcha na njikwa oke yana teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ dị ka nhazi beam na-arụ ọrụ na nlekota AI, ndị na-emepụta nwere ike wepụta welds na-enweghị ntụpọ. Ọdịnihu nke mmesi obi ike dị na ịgbado ọkụ dị na sistemu ndị a nwere ọgụgụ isi na-enyocha, na-emegharị ma na-ekwe nkwa ịdị mma ozugbo.
Ajụjụ A na-ajụkarị (FAQ)
Q1: Gịnị bụ isi ihe na-akpata porosity na laser ịgbado ọkụ?
A: Otu ihe na-emekarị bụ mmetọ elu (mmanụ, mmiri) nke na-ekupụ ma na-ewebata hydrogen gas n'ime ọdọ mmiri weld.
Q2: Kedu otuto gbochie porosity na aluminum ịgbado ọkụ?
A: Nzọụkwụ kachasị mkpa bụ ihe ike tupu weld ihicha iji wepụ oyi akwa aluminom oxide hydrated, jikọtara ya na ikuku dị ọcha, nke dị ala na-ekpuchi elu, na-enwekarị helium.
Q3: Gịnị bụ ihe dị iche n'etiti porosity na a slag nsonye?
A: Porosity bụ oghere gas. Ntinye slag bụ ihe siri ike na-abụghị ọla na-ejikọ ya na ịgbado ọkụ laser nke isi, n'agbanyeghị na ọ nwere ike ime na ịgbado ọkụ laser nwere ụfọdụ fluxes ma ọ bụ ihe ndochi emeru.
Q4: Gịnị bụ ihe kacha mma na-echebe gas iji gbochie porosity na ígwè?
A: Ọ bụ ezie na Argon na-emekarị, Nitrogen (N2) na-adịkarị elu maka ọtụtụ nchara n'ihi nnukwu solubility ya. Agbanyeghị, maka ụfọdụ nchara siri ike dị elu, a ga-enyocha ike imepụta nitride.
Oge nzipu: Jul-25-2025
